Mass Spectrometry in Grape and Wine Chemistry

Acknowledgments.

Introduction.

PART I: MASS SPECTROMETRY.

1 Ionization Methods.

1.1. Electrospray Ionization.

1.2. Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization.

1.3. Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization.

1.4. Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization.

1.5. Matrix-Assisted Laser.

References. 

2 Mass Analyzers and Accurate Mass Measurements.

2.1. Double-Focusing Mass Analyzers.

2.2. Quadrupole Mass Filters.

2.3. Ion Traps.

2.4. Time of Flight.

References. 

3. MS/MS Methodologies.

3.1. Triple Quadrupole.

3.2. The Q-TOF.

3.3. The MALDI TOF-TOF.

References. 

PART II: APPLICATIONS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY IN GRAPE AND WINE CHEMSITRY.

4 Grape Aroma Compounds: Terpenes, C₁₃-Norisopenoids, Benzene Compounds, and 3-Alkyl-2-Methoxypyrazines.

4.1. Introduction.

4.2. The SPE-GC/MS of Terpenes, Norisoprenoids and Benzenoids.

4.3. The SPME-GC/MS of Methoxypyrazines in Juice and Wine.

References. 

5 Volatile and Aroma Compounds in Wines.

5.1. Higher Alcohols and Esters Formed from Yeasts.

5.2. Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Wines.

5.3. Carbonyl Compounds in Wines and Distillates.

5.4. Ethyl and Vinyl Phenols in Wines.

5.5. 2'-Aminoacetophenone in Wines.

References. 

6 Grape and Wine Polyphenols.

6.1. Introduction.

6.2. The LC/MS of Non-Anthocyanic Polyphenols of Grape.

6.3. The LC/MS of Non-Anthocyanic Polyphenols of Wine.

6.4. Liquid-Phase MS of Grape Anthocyanins.

6.5. The LC/MS of Anthocynanis Derivatives in Wine.

6.6. The MALDI-TOF of Grape Procyanidins.

References. 

7 Compounds Released in Wine from Wood.

7.1. Introduction.

7.2. The GC/MS of Wood Volatile Compounds.

7.3. The GC/PICI-MS/MS of Wood Volatile Phenols and Benzene Aldehydes in Wine.

References. 

8 Compounds Responsible for Wine Defects.

8.1. Ochratoxin A in Grape and Wine.

8.2. The SPME-GC/MS/MS Analysis of TCA and TBA in Wine.

8.3. Geosmin.

8.4. Analysis of 1-Octen-3-one.

8.5. Analysis of 2-Methoxy-3,5-dimethypyrazine in Wine.

8.6. Biogenic Amines in Grape and Wine.

8.7. Ethyl Carbamate in Wine.

8.8. Wine Geranium Taint.

8.9. Mousy Off-Flavor of Wines.

References. 

9 Pesticides in Grape and Wine.

9.1. Introduction.

9.2. Analytical Methods.

9.3. Isothiocyanates in Wine.

References. 

10 Peptides and Proteins of Grape and Wine.

10.1. Introduction.

10.2. Analytical Methods.

References. 

Index.