Political History of Journalism

INTRODUCTION, 1.

CHAPTER 1 / Unifying and decentring in modern journalism.

1. Unifying journalisms: the triumph of the witness-ambassador.

‘Facts’ acceptable to all, The truth is visible, The figure of the witness-ambassador,.

2. Journalisms that decentre: acts of daring, difficulties and pitfalls.

The dilemma of the decentring journalist, Making us see otherness and connecting it to us,.

CHAPTER 2 / An archetype of the witness-ambassador: Séverine, reporter at the trial of Captain Dreyfus (La Fronde, 6 August-15 September 1899).

1. The truth of the senses.

The ‘witness’ against the ‘rhetoricians’, A radical sensualism,.

2. The body of the reporter.

Woman-as-the-people, The heritage of Jules Vallés,.

3. Unifying by orchestrating a conflict.

CHAPTER 3 / Unifying through a test: Nelly Bly, Albert Londres and Edward R. Murrow.

1. Nelly Bly or the test of the hidden.

Stunt journalism, Making us see what is hidden and making us see ourselves, ‘We’ and ‘the others’,.

2. Albert Londres or the test of strangeness.

The gaze as emergence of the strange, From ‘I don’t understand’ to ‘”it” makes an appeal to us’, Au Bagne (1923),.

3. Edward R Morrow or the test of the usurpation of the centre.

‘See it now’ versus McCarthyism: ‘Americanness’ at stake, ‘Un-American’: the situation reversed, Exposure to the public,.

CHAPTER 4 / The limitations of the position of witness-ambassador: the case of Lincoln Steffens.

1. The ease of the recourse to ‘I saw’.

2. The itinerary of a Muckraker in crisis.

The Muckrakers, Lincoln Steffens: from ‘the facts’ to ‘the system’, The public, a prison,.

3. Saying good-bye to the witness-ambassador?.

CHAPTER 5 / The difficulties of decentrement: the New Journalism and the early years of Libération.

1. The New Journalism and the temptation of ubiquity.

A journalism in the first person, The ‘chameleon’ journalism of Tom Wolfe and its ambivalence, Misunderstandings, the incommunicable and the questioning of reality in the New Journalism: a reading of Norman Mailer’s The Armies of the.

Night (1968),.

2. Libé 1 and the temptation to unify the dominated.

Multiplicity of voices or common voice of the dominated? The double discourse of the early years of ‘Libération’, The search for the ‘wandering crowd’: Marc Kravetz reporter in Iran,.

CHAPTER 6 / An archetype of decentring: George Orwell.

1. The question of the other gaze.

The desire for metamorphosis: ‘Down and out in Paris and London (1933)’, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier’ (1937) or self-criticism, Shooting an elephant’ (1936).

2. The solitude of the decentrer in the reportages of 1936-1937.

The double exteriority in ‘The Road to Wigan Pier’, ‘Homage to Catalonia’ or the reporter as exile,.

3. The gaze as decentring. A reading of 1984.

Winston or the birth of a gaze, The stages in the annihilation of the gaze,.

CHAPTER 7 / Seeing violence. Seymour M. Hersh, Michael Herr: two decentring reporters in the Vietnam War.

1. The ‘other Americans’: Seymour M. Hersh and the My Lai massacre.

From the facts to the intimacy of violence, The witnesses speak: those others we once were,.

2. Michael Herr in Vietnam: Violence as an impossible spectacle.

The alternatives: the protected gaze or the death of the gaze, The blindness of journalists, Making the ‘I am unable to see’ visible,.

CONCLUSION.

NOTES.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED