Molecular Nutrition and Genomics: Nutrition and the Ascent of Humankind

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

Chapter 1—Defining Important Concepts.

1.1 Key Concepts in Molecular Biology for the Study of Human Nutrition.

1.2 The Inheritance of Genetic Packets of Information.

1.3 A Brief Overview of Evolutionary Biology and the Ascent of Man.

1.4 The –omics Revolution.

Chapter 2—Molecular Mechanisms of Genetic Variation Linked to Diet.

2.1 A Brief History of the Human Diet.

2.2 The Role of Milk in Human Evolution.

2.3 Micronutrients and the Evolution of Skin Pigmentation.

2.4 Micronutrients Optimize Gametogenesis and Reproductive Fecundity.

2.5 Direct Dietary Selection of a Human Metabolomic Profile.

2.6 The Evolution of Taste as a Survival Mechanism.

2.7 The Mystery of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphisms and Ethanol Toxicity.

2.8 Evolution of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Humans.

Chapter 3—Essential Nutrients and Genomic Integrity: Developmental and Degenerative Correlates.

3.1 Micronutrients and Genomic Stability and Function.

Chapter 4—Nutrients and Cerebral Function in Human Evolution.

4.1 Human Encephalisation May be Linked to an Evolutionary Reduction in Gut Mass.

4.2 Weaning and Brain Development.

4.3 Micronutrients and the Cerebral Basis of Spirituality and Social Structure.

4.4 Pharmacotoxicology of Plants and Cultural Evolution.

Chapter 5—The Evolution of Micronutrient Metabolism.

5.1 Antioxidants, Evolution, and Human Health.

Chapter 6—Evolved Refinement of the Human Lifecycle Based on Nutritional Criteria.

6.1 Human Breast Milk—An Evolved Food.

6.2 Conflict between Parent and Offspring over Nutrient Requirements.

6.3 Natural Selection for Foraging Efficiency.

6.4 Evolution of Senescence.

Chapter 7—The Evolution of Human Disease.

7.1 The Conflict between Agriculture and Ancestral Genes.

7.2 Obesity: A Chronic Plague of our Affluent Societies.

7.3 Prion Protein Locus and Human Evolution: The Link Between Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease and Cannibalism.

Chapter 8—Contemporary Dietary Patterns that Work: The Mediterranean Diet.

8.1 Tomatoes.

8.2 Olive Oil.

8.3 Red Wine.

8.4 Bioflavonoids.

8.5 Fish.

Chapter 9—Some Non-Micronutrient Essential and Nonessential Nutrients with Molecular and Possible Evolutionary Impact.

9.1 Lecithins.

9.2 Lipid-Derived First Messengers—The Eicosanoids.1

9.3 Isoflavones—Genomic and Nongenomic Influence at the Estrogen Receptor.

9.4 Phytic Acid.

Chapter 10—Natural Food Toxins and the Human Diet.

10.1 Dietary Zootoxins.

10.2 Dietary Phytotoxins.

Chapter 11—Nutrigenomics.

11.1 What is Nutrigenomics?

11.2 Genetic Buffering Underpins Nutrigenomic Relationships.

Chapter 12—The Evolution of Protein Function.

Chapter 13—Leading Edge Laboratory Tools in Nutrigenomics and Human Evolutionary Studies.

13.1 Denaturing HPLC.

13.2 DNA Sequencing.

13.3 Nucleic Acid Microchip Techniques.

13.4 The Polymerase Chain Reaction.

13.5 Protein Mass Spectrometry.

13.6 Bioinformatics.

References.

Index.