Ultra Wide Band Antennas

Preface ix

Chapter 1. Applications of Ultra Wide Band Systems 1
Serge HÉTHUIN and Isabelle BUCAILLE

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. UWB regulation: a complex context 2

1.3. Formal Ultra Wide Band types 8

1.4. Non-formal ultra wide band types 14

1.5. Comparison between the different Ultra Wide Band techniques 20

1.6. Typical UWB-OFDM applications 21

1.7. Specialized UWB-OFDM applications 28

1.8. Typical applications of the Impulse Radio UWB, UWB-FH and UWB-FM 30

1.9. Impact on the antennas 32

Chapter 2. Radiation Characteristics of Antennas 33
Xavier BEGAUD

2.1. Introduction 33

2.2. How can we characterize an antenna? 37

2.3. Radiation fields and radiation power 40

2.4. Gain, efficiency and effective aperture 47

2.5. Budget link, transfer function 49

2.6. Equivalent circuits of the antennas 51

2.7. Bandwidth 52

2.8. Example of characterization: the triangular probe antenna in F 52

Chapter 3. Representation, Characterization and Modeling of Ultra Wide Band Antennas 61
Christophe ROBLIN

3.1. Introduction 61

3.2. Specificities of UWB antennas: stakes and representation 62

3.3. Temporal behavior, distortion 77

3.4. Distortion and ideality 80

3.5. Performance characterization: synthetic indicators 82

3.6. Parsimonious representation by development of singularities and spherical modes 95

Chapter 4. Experimental Characterization of UWB Antennas 113
Christophe DELAVEAUD

4.1. Introduction 113

4.2. Measurements of the characteristics of radiation 114

4.3. Measurements of the electric characteristics 156

Chapter 5. Overview of UWB Antennas 163
Nicolas FORTINO, Jean-Yves DAUVIGNAC, Georges KOSSIAVAS and Xavier BEGAUD

5.1. Classification of UWB antennas 163

5.2. Frequency independent antennas 164

5.3. Elementary antennas 177

5.4. Miniaturization of UWB antennas 202

5.5. UWB antennas for surface penetrating radars 206

Chapter 6. Antenna-Channel Joint Effects in UWB 213
Alain SIBILLE

6.1. Introduction 213

6.2. Recalls on the UWB radio channel 214

6.3. Impact of the channel on the performance of UWB systems 218

6.4. Effective antenna performance in an ideal channel 220

6.5. Effective performance of non-directional antennas in dispersive channels 225

6.6. Effective performance of directional antennas in dispersive channels 233

6.7. Factorization of antenna patterns 235

6.8. Conclusion 237

APPENDICES 239

Appendix A. Reciprocity of the Antennas in Receptionand Transmission Modes 241

A.1. Reciprocity applied to waveguides 243

A.2. Reciprocity applied to the passive antennas in transmission and reception 245

Appendix B. Method of the Stationary Phase 253

Acronyms and Abbreviations 255

Bibliography 259

List of Authors 273

Index 275