Language as a Complex Adaptive System

Language is a complex adaptive system: Position paper. 
‘The Five Graces Group' (Clay Beckner, Richard Blythe, Joan Bybee, Morten H. Christiansen, William Croft, Nick C. Ellis, John Holland, Jinyun Ke, Diane Larsen-Freeman, & Tom Schoenemann)

A usage-based account of constituency and reanalysis (Clay Beckner & Joan Bybee).

The speech community in evolutionary language dynamics (Richard A. Blythe & William A. Croft).

Linking rule acquisition in novel phrasal constructions (Jeremy K. Boyd, Erin A. Gottschalk, & Adele E. Goldberg).

Constructing a second language: Analyses and computational simulations of the emergence of linguistic constructions from usage (Nick C. Ellis & Diane Larsen-Freeman).

A usage-based approach to recursion in sentence processing (Morten H. Christiansen, & Maryellen C. MacDonald).

Evolution of brain and language (P. Thomas Schoenemann).

Complex adaptive systems and the origins of adaptive structure: what experiments can tell us (Hannah Cornish, Monica Tamariz,  & Simon Kirby).

Meaning in the making: meaning potential emerging from acts of meaning (Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen).

Individual differences: Interplay of learner characteristics and learning environment (Zoltán Dörnyei).

If language is a complex adaptive system, what is language assessment? (Robert J. Mislevy & Chengbin Yin).