Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications

List of contributors

Glossary

Chapter 1 - An introduction to cavity ring-down spectroscopy

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Direct absorption spectroscopy

1.3 Basic cavity ring down spectroscopy setup

1.4 A more refined picture

1.5 Fitting of cavity ring down transients

1.6 A few examples

1.7 Going beyond the standard pulsed CRDS experiment

1.8 Summary

1.9 References

Chapter 2 - Cavity enhanced techniques using continuous wave lasers

2.1 Introduction

2.1 Properties of optical cavities and cw lasers relevant to cavity enhanced spectroscopy

2.3 Experimental methods for cw laser cavity enhanced spectroscopy

2.4 Spectroscopy with resonant cavities

2.5 Summary

Chapter 3 - Broadband cavity ring-down spectroscopy

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 The time and wavelength evolution of a single ringdown event.

3.3 Two dimensional techniques: resolving broadband cavity output in time and wavelength.

3.4 One dimensional techniques: time or wavelength.

3.5 How to extract quantitative information from broadband spectra.

3.6 Optimising the sensitivity of a broadband measurement.

3.7 Applications of broadband cavity methods.

3.8 References.

Chapter 4 - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy in analytical chemistry

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Condensed media CRDS

4.3 Evanescent-wave CRDS

4.4 Future trends and perspectives

Chapter 5 - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy using waveguides

5.1. Introduction

5.2. The basic experiments

5.3. Optics and Instrumentation

5.4. Review of waveguide CRD literature

5.5. Conclusion and outlook

5.6. Acknowledgements

Chapter 6 - Cavity ring down spectroscopy of molecular transients of astrophysical interest

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Experimental

6.3. Astronomical considerations

6.4. Results

6.5. Outlook

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 7 - Applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy in atmospheric chemistry

7.1. Brief overview

7.2. Measurement of trace atmospheric species by CRDS

7.3. Laboratory based studies of atmospheric interest

7.4. Optical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles

7.5. Future developments

Chapter 8 - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy for medical applications

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Trace gases in medicine and biology

8.3. Instrumentation for laser analytics of breath and other biological gas samples

8.4. Applications to life sciences

8.5. Conclusion and Perspectives

8.6. References

Chapter 9: Studies into the growth mechanism of a-Si:H using in situ cavity ring-down techniques

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Gas phase CRDS on SiH_x­ radicals

9.3. Thin film CRDS on dangling bonds in a-Si:H films (ex situ)

9.4. Evanescent wave CRDS on dangling bonds during a-Si:H film growth

Chapter 10 – Cavity ring down spectroscopy for combustion studies

10.1. Introduction

10.2. General description of cavity ring down spectroscopy in flames

10.3. Experimental set-up

10.4. Quantitative concentration measurements in flames

10.5. Concentration profile determination

10.6. Specific difficulties in combustion studies

10.7. Case of particles: soot volume fraction determination

10.8. Conclusion and prospective

References

Appendix A Literature