Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry

List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits ix

Introduction xi

The Author xv

Part One 1

Chapter One: Mental Models and Mixed Methods Inquiry 3

Group Discussion 5

Making Sense of These Conversations: The Concept of Mental Models 11

Mixed Methods Social Inquiry as Mixing Mental Models 13

An Invitation to Read This Book 14

Who is Invited 16

Chapter Two: Adopting a Mixed Methods Way of Thinking 17

A Mixed Methods Way of Thinking 20

Looking Ahead 30

Chapter Three: The Historical Roots of the Contemporary Mixed Methods Conversation 31

The Philosophical Seeds of Discontent 33

The Seeds of Discontent in Practice 35

The Great Qualitative-Quantitative Debate 36

Rapprochement and the Emergence of the Idea of Mixing Methods 42

But Troubled Waters Remained 48

Chapter Four: Contested Spaces: Paradigms and Practice in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 49

On the Nature of Philosophical Paradigms for Social Inquiry, and Mental Models, Too 51

Interlude 54

On the Relationships of Mental Models (and Paradigms) to Practice 55

A Reflective Stance 59

My Mixed Methods Story 60

Chapter Five: Stances on Mixing Paradigms and Mental Models While Mixing Methods 66

Various Stances on Mixing Paradigms While Mixing Methods— An Overview 67

Reprise 86

Interlude One: An Illustration of A Mixed Methods Way of Thinking 88

Study Purpose 89

Mixed Methods Research Design 89

Mixed Methods Analysis 91

Sample Results 91

Part Two 93

Chapter Six: Mixing Methods on Purpose 95

Mixing Methods for Better Understanding 98

Purposes for Mixing Methods 98

An Illustration of Mixed Methods Purposes in Practice 104

Practical Procedures for Thinking About and Identifying Mixed Methods Purposes 107

Mixed Methods Purposes and Stances on Mixing Paradigms While Mixing Methods 109

Chapter Seven: Designing Mixed Methods Studies 112

Mixing Methods at Different Stages of Social Inquiry: Mixed Methods and Mixed Model Designs 113

Mixing Methods With in a Single Study or Across Studies in a Program of Research 117

Dimensions of Difference in Mixed Methods Design 118

Component and Integrated Mixed Methods Designs 120

Other Formulations of Mixed Methods Design 129

Illustrations of Mixed Methods Designs in Practice 132

Connecting Mixed Methods Designs to Mixed Methods Paradigm Stances and Mixed Methods Purposes 134

Interlude Two: Mixed Methods Purposes and Designs in Action 138

Overall Mixed Methods Purposes and Design 139

Mixed Methods Contributions to the MTO Study 141

Chapter Eight: Mixed Methods Data Analysis 142

Thinking About Mixed Methods Data Analysis 143

Mixed Methods Data Analysis Strategies 144

Mixed Methods Data Analysis Exemplars 155

Reprise 163

Chapter Nine: Judging the Quality of Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 164

Thinking About Inquiry Criteria in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 165

Inference Quality in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 167

Legitimation as Quality in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 168

Warranting the Quality of Inferences in Mixed Methods Inquiry 169

An Illustration 174

Chapter Ten: Writing Up and Reporting Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 179

Writing Up Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 181

Representation in Social Inquiry 182

Writing up Mixed Methods Social Inquiry: Two Preliminary Principles 185

Interlude Three: More Creativity in Mixed Methods Data Analysis and Display 189

The Metaphor 189

The Example 190

An Application of the Archipelago Metaphor 191

Part Three 193

Chapter Eleven: The Potential and Promise of Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 195

References 200

Index 210