Women in European History

Series Editor’s Preface vii

Preface ix

1 Querelle des femmes: A European Gender Dispute 1

The Dignity of Man and the Dignity of Woman 2

Misogamy and Misogyny; Philogamy and Philogyny 14

The Power of Fathers, the Power of Men, the Power of Women 27

2 The French Revolution: The Dispute is Resumed 32

Hopes 33

Rights of Man and Rights of Woman 41

Amazons and Counter-revolutionaries 55

Napoleon and the Revolution in Europe 62

Nocturnal Intrigues 78

3 Challenging Boundaries: A Third Gender Dispute 82

Changing Debates and Language 84

No Angels in the House: Ideals and Realities 93

Old and New Labour 99

Pre-Pioneers and Pioneers of the Women’s Movement 108

A Social Movement 116

4 From the Social to the Political 127

National and Transnational Movements 128

Equal because Different: The Political Discourse of Suffragism 137

First-comers and Late-comers: European Paths to Women’s Suffrage 145

Citizenship and Mother’s Rights 156

Social Policies for and against Women 168

5 Between Extremes 174

Female Citizens and the New Woman 175

Maternity and Paternity in the Welfare State 181

Paths Leading to Dictatorship: The Political and the Private 189

National Socialism and Race Policy 206

War and Genocide in Europe 218

6 Civil, Political and Social Rights: A New Gender Debate 233

Liberty and Equality 235

The Longest Revolution 245

History, Mind and Gender 256

Notes 265

Bibliography 280

Index 291