Visualizing Weather and Climate

1 Introducing Weather and Climate 2

2 The Earth’s Atmosphere 28

3 The Earth’s Global energy Balance 50

4 Surface Temperature and its Variation 82

5 Atmospheric Moisture 120

6 Winds 154

7 Global Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation 182

8 Midatitude Weather Systems 216

9 Tropical Weather Systems 244

10 Thunderstorms and Tornadoes 268

11 The Global Scope of Climate 298

12 Climates of the World 320

13 Climate Variability 352

14 Human Interaction with Weather and Climate 384

15 Weather Forecasting and Numerical Modeling 412

16 Human-Induced Climate Change and Climate Forecasting 440

Appendix

A Units of Measurement and Conversion 472

B The U.S. Standard Atmosphere 473

C Weather Station and Map Symbols 474

D Self-Test Answer Key 475

Glossary 476

Credits 489

Index 493