Laundry Detergents

Historical Review
Physical Chemistry of the Washing Process
Influence of the Water
Types of Soil
The Soil Removal Process
Further Processes
Concluding Remarks
Detergent Ingredients
Surfactants
Builders
Bleaches
Further Detergents Ingredients
Household Laundry Products
Heavy Duty Detergents
Specialty Detergents
Laundry Aids
Industrial and Institutional Detergents
Production of Powder Detergents
Technology Overview
Description of Manufacturing Processes
Densification Processes
Raw Materials
Analysis of the Composition
Detergent Ingredients
Detergent Analysis
Sample Preparation
Analytical Methods
Sources of Information
Test Methods for Laundry Detergents
Laboratory Methods
Practical Evaluation
Consumer Tests
Economic Aspects
Detergent Components
Detergents
Fabric Softeners
Ecology
Laundry, Waste Water and the Environment
Contribution of Laundry to the Sewage Load
Detergent Laws
General Criteria for the Ecological Evaluation of Detergent Chemicals
Ecological Characterization of Main Detergent Ingredients
Toxicology
Detergent Ingredients
Finished Detergents
Conclusions
Textiles
Washing Machines
Household Washing Machines
Laundry Dryers
Washing Machines for Institutional Use
References