Visual Impairment in Children due to Damage to the Brain

Authors’ Appointments ix

Foreword xiii

Preface xv

Introduction 1

1 The Functional Organization of the Central Visual Pathways 5
Melvyn A. Goodale

2 Causes of Damage to the Visual Brain 20

3 Clinical Features and Diagnostic Imaging of Damage to the Visual Brain 41

4 Impairments of Central Visual Function and its Measurements 77
William V. Good and Anne B. Fulton

5 Impairment of Peripheral Vision and its Measurements 85
Giorgio Porro and Dienke Wiffebol-Post

6 Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation and their Management 98
J. Margaret Woodhouse

7 Clinical Features of Perceptual and Cognitive Visual Impairment in Children with Brain Damage of Early Onset 106
Gordon N. Dutton, with Elisabeth Macdonald, Suzannah R. Drummond, Shohista Saidkasimova, and Katherine Mitchell

8 Impairment of Cognitive Vision: Its Detection and Measurement 117

9 The Effect of Impaired Vision on Development 162
Elisa Fazzi, Sabrina G. Signorini, and Josée Lanners

10 Psychiatric Considerations in Cortical Visual Impairment 174
Roger D. Freeman

11 Children with Severe Brain Damage: Functional Assessment for Diagnosis and Intervention 181
Jenefer Sargent, Alison Salt and Naomi Dale

12 Visual Impairment in Cerebral Palsy 194
Elisa Fazzi, Sabrina G. Signorini, and Paolo E. Bianchi

13 Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Cerebral Visual Impairment: Problems with Detection and Diagnosis 205
Heleen M. Evenhuls

14 Practical Approaches for the Management of Visual Problems Due to Cerebral Visual Impairment 217
Gordon N. Dutton, with Debbie Cockburn, Gillian McDald, and Elisabeth Macdonald

15 Strategies to Support the Development and Learning of Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment at Home and at School: Communication, Orientation, and Mobility 227

16 Approaches to the Management in Schools of Visual Problems Due to Cerebral Visual Impairment 236
Marianna Buultjens, Lea Hyvärinen, and Renate Walthes

17 Strategies to Help Children who have Both Visual and Hearing Impairments 245
Stuart Aitken

18 Setting up Integrated Services for Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment 257
Margot Campbell and Marianna Buultjens

19 Classification of Visual Functioning and Disability in Children with Visual Processing Disorders 265
Lea Hyvärinen

20 Towards the Development of a Classification of Vision-Related Functioning – A Potential Framework 282
August Colenbrander

Appendix: Conversion Table for Different Measures of Visual Activity 295

Glossary 323

Index 337