Materials with Rheological Properties: Calculation of Structures

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

1.1. Historical background 1

1.2. Considering the plastic and rheological properties of materials in calculating and designing resistance structures for constructions 3

1.3. The basis of the mathematical model for calculating resistance structures by taking into account the rheological properties of the materials 4

Chapter 2. The Rheological Behavior of Building Materials 9

2.1. Preamble 9

2.2. Structural steel for construction 19

2.2.1. Structural steel for metal construction 19

2.2.2. Reinforcing steel (non-prestressed) 22

2.2.3. Reinforcements, steel wire and steel wire products for prestressed concrete 23

2.3. Concrete 32

Chapter 3. Composite Resistance Structures with Elements Built from Materials Having Different Rheological Properties 45

3.1. Mathematical model for calculating the behavior of composite resistance structures: introduction 45

3.2. Mathematical model for calculating the behavior of composite resistance structures. The formulation considering creep 49

3.2.1. The effects of the long-term actions and loads: overview 49

3.2.1.1. Composite structures with discrete collaboration 61

3.2.1.2. Composite structures with continuous collaboration 67

3.2.1.3. Composite structures with complex composition 80

3.2.2. The effect of repeated short-term variable load actions: overview 86

3.3. Mathematical model for calculating the behavior of composite resistance structures. The formulation considering stress relaxation 95

3.3.1. The effect of long-term actions and loads: overview 95

3.3.1.1. Composite structures with discrete collaboration 102

3.3.1.2. Composite structures with continuous collaboration 106

3.3.1.3. Composite structures with complex composition 115

3.3.2. The effect of repeated short-term variable actions and loads: overview 120

3.4. Conceptual aspects of the mathematical model of resistance structure behavior according to the rheological properties of the materials from which they are made 125

Chapter 4. Applications on Resistance Structures for Constructions 129

4.1. Correction matrix 129

4.1.1. The displacement matrix of the end of a perfectly rigid body due to unit displacements successively applied to the other end of a rigid body 130

4.1.2. The reaction matrix of the end of a perfectly rigid body due to unit forces successively applied to the other end of a rigid body 132

4.2. Calculation of the composite resistance structures. Formulation according to the creep 133

4.2.1. Preliminaries necessary to systematize the calculation of composite structures in the formulation according to the creep 133

4.2.2. Composite structures with discrete collaboration 136

4.2.3. Composite structures with continuous collaboration 140

4.2.4. Composite structures with complex composition 155

4.3. The calculation of composite resistance structures. Formulation according to the stress relaxation 161

4.3.1. Preliminaries necessary to systematize the calculation of the composite structures in the formulation according to the stress relaxation 161

4.3.2. Composite structures with discrete collaboration 165

4.3.3. Composite structures with continuous collaboration 172

4.3.4. Composite structures with complex composition 179

Chapter 5. Numerical Application 189

5.1. Considerations concerning the validation of the mathematical model proposed for estimation through calculation of the behavior of the resistance structures by considering the rheological properties of the materials 189

5.2. The RALUCA computer applications system191

5.3. The resistance structure 198

5.4. Numerical experiments 203

5.4.1. The first series of experiments 203

5.4.1.1. The particular conditions for the analysis of the mathematical model 204

5.4.2. The second series of experiments 206

5.4.2.1. The particular conditions for the analysis of the mathematical model 206

5.4.3. The third series of experiments 211

5.4.3.1. The influence of the parameters defining the creep function 211

5.4.3.2. The stresses state in the structure caused by the contraction of the concrete 214

5.4.3.3. The influence of the deformability of the connection elements on the effort’s distribution among the elements of the structure 217

Appendix 1. The Initial Stresses and Strains State of the Structures with Continuous Collaboration 223

A.1. Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load 227

A.2. Simply supported beam loaded with a concentrated force 230

A.3. Simply supported beam loaded with a concentrated moment at each end 233

A.4. Simply supported beam loaded with concentrated forces applied eccentrically, acting on a direction parallel with the axis of the beam 235

Appendix 2. Systems of Integral and Integro-differential Equations 241

1. Integro-differential equations whose unknown factors are functions of one variable 242

2. Integro-differential equations whose unknown factors are functions of two variables 251

3. Integro-differential equations whose unknown factors are functions of one or two variables 260

Bibliography 283

Index 287