A History of Latin America to 1825, 3rd Edition

List of Illustrations x

List of Maps xiii

Photo Essay xiv

Series Editor’s Preface xv

Preface to the Third Edition xviii

Conventions Used in the Text xix

Maps xx

PART I BASES 1

1 Lands and Climates 5

2 American Peoples 22

Ancient Peoples 26

Formative Peoples 30

Classic Peoples 35

Aztecs and Incas 47

Less Known Cultures 61

3 Iberia and Africa 68

PART II APPROACHES 93

4 Columbus and Others 97

5 Experiment in the Caribbean 109

6 Military Conquest 126

PART III DOMINATION 141

7 Administration: The Power of Paper 145

8 Church: Friars, Bishops, and the State 171

9 Society: Old Orders Changed 195

10 Economy: Ships and Silver 225

Photo Essay 259

PART IV MATURE COLONIES 275

11 The Seventeenth Century: A Slacker Grip 281

Challenges to Spain 281

Production, Taxes, and Trade in America 297

Indians in the Heartlands: Making their own Space 307

Indians on the Peripheries 316

Africans 322

Women 328

Arts, Formal and Popular 338

Varieties of Mestizaje 346

12 Eighteenth-Century Spanish America: Reformed or Deformed? 349

People, Production, and Commerce 351

Bourbon Revisions of Rules and Principles 364

Society: Change and Protest 374

Creole Self-Awareness: Rejection and Reception of Europe 386

The Eighteenth-Century Balance 395

PART V PORTUGAL IN AMERICA 397

13 Colonial Brazil: Slaves, Sugar, and Gold 401

Explorers, Interlopers, and Settlers 401

Indians and Jesuits 406

Sugar 410

People and Government 415

Outsiders: The Dutch, and Others, in Brazil 419

Movement Inland: Slavers, Prospectors, and Stockmen 424

Seventeenth-Century Society 430

The Indians and Father Vieira 433

Government and Economy in the Seventeenth Century 436

The Age of Gold 444

Pombal and Reform 451

Products of Mind and Sensibility 455

PART VI INDEPENDENCE AND BEYOND 463

14 Independence 465

15 Epilogue 495

Glossary 505

Notes 510

Bibliography 536

Index 563

Chronologies for each part appear after the part-title page.