Invisible Enemy: The African American Freedom Struggle after 1965

Acknowledgments vi

Introduction 1

1 The Never Ending Story: American Racism from Slavery to the Civil Rights Movement 7

2 From the Freedom Movement to Free Markets: Racializing the War on Poverty and Colorblinding Jim Crow 30

3 A System without Signs: The Invisible Racism of the Post-Civil Rights Era 53

4 Fighting Jim Crow’s Shadow: Struggles for Racial Equality after 1965 76

5 To See or Not to See: Debates over Affirmative Action 100

6 Is This America? Electoral Politics after the Voting Rights Act 124

7 Fir$t Cla$$ Citizen$hip: Struggles for Economic Justice 147

8 All Around the World: The Freedom Struggle in a Global Context 169

Notes 194

Index 230