Pacing Options in the Adult Patient with Congenital Heart Disease

1 Know the anatomy.

2 Transvenous pacemaker implantation.

3 The pulse generator or ICD pocket.

4 Epicardial or epimyocardial pacing.

5 Problems with right ventricular apical pacing.

6 What type of lead fixation device do I use?.

7 Consider steerable stylets or catheters.

8 Safety in numbers – the belt and braces technique.

9 Do old leads need extraction?.

10 Stenosed venous channels.

11 Use of the coronary venous system.

12 Consider growth in teenagers.

Part 2 Patients, principles and problems.

Section A No previous cardiac surgery: pacemaker/ICD required.

13 Congenital atrioventricular block.

14 Congenitally corrected L-transposition of the great vessels.

15 Congenital long QT syndromes.

Section B No previous cardiac surgery: pacemaker/ICD a challenge.

16 Atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale.

17 Persistent left superior vena cava.

18 Dextrocardia.

19 Ebstein’s anomaly.

Section C Previous corrective or palliative cardiac surgery.

20 D-Transposition of the great vessels.

21 Septal defects including tetralogy of fallot.

22 Repaired Ebstein’s anomaly.

Section D No venous access to ventricle.

23 Univentricular heart.

Concluding remarks.

References.

Index