Minds and Machines: Connectionism and Psychological Modeling

List of Tables.

1. The Kids in the Hall.

Synthetic Versus Analytic Traditions. .

2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Modeling.

What Is A Model?.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Models. .

3. Models of Data.

An Example of a Model of Data.

Properties of Models of Data. .

4. Mathematical Models.

An Example Mathematical Model.

Mathematical Models vs. Models of Data. .

5. Computer Simulations.

A Sample Computer Simulation.

Connectionist Models.

Properties of Computer Simulations. .

6. First Steps Toward Synthetic Psychology.

Introduction.

Building a Thoughtless Walker.

Step 1: Synthesis.

Step 2: Emergence.

Step 3: Analysis.

Issues Concerning Synthetic Psychology. .

7. Uphill Analysis, Downhill Synthesis.

Introduction.

From Homeostats to Tortoises.

Ashby’s Homeostat.

Vehicles.

Synthesis and Emergence: Some Modern Examples.

The Law of Uphill Analysis and Downhill Synthesis. .

8. Connectionism As Synthetic Psychology.

Introduction.

Beyond Sensory Reflexes.

Connectionism, Synthesis, and Representation.

Summary and Conclusions. .

9. Building Associations.

From Associationism To Connectionism.

Building An Associative Memory.

Beyond the Limitations of Hebb Learning.

Associative Memory and Synthetic Psychology. .

10. Making Decisions.

The Limits of Linearity.

A Fundamental Nonlinearity.

Building a Perceptron: A Nonlinear Associative Memory.

The Psychology of Perceptrons.

The Need for Layers. .

11. Sequences of Decisions.

The Logic of Layers.

Training Multilayered Networks.

A Simple Case Study: Exclusive Or.

A Second Case Study: Classifying Musical Chords.

A Third Case Study: From Connectionism to Selectionism. .

12. From Synthesis To Analysis.

Representing Musical Chords in a Pdp Network.

Interpreting the Internal Structure of Value Unit Networks.

Network Interpretation and Synthetic Psychology. .

13. From Here To Synthetic Psychology.

References.

Index