A Companion to the History of the Middle East

List of Illustrations viii

List of Maps ix

List of Tables x

Notes on Contributors xi

Preface and Acknowledgments xv

Introduction 1
Youssef M. Choueiri

PART I THE FORMATIVE PERIOD OF ISLAM

1 The Rise of Islam 9
Gerald R. Hawting

2 The Islamic Conquests 28
Fred M. Donner

3 The Caliphate 52
Hugh Kennedy

PART II CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE

4 The "Ulama" : Status and Function 71
Zouhair Ghazzal

5 Shi'ism 87
Robert Gleave

6 Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West 106
Alexander Knysh

PART III IMPERIAL STRUCTURES AND DYNASTIC RULE

7 Military Patronage States and the Political Economy of the Frontier, 1000–1250 135
Michael Chamberlain

8 The Mamluk Institution 154
P. M. Holt

9 North Africa: State and Society, 1056–1659 170
Michael Brett

PART IV A NEW MIDDLE EASTERN SYSTEM

10 Ottomans and Safavids: States, Statecraft, and Societies, 1500–1800 191
Metin Kunt

11 Urban Life and Middle Eastern Cities: The Traditional Arab City 207
André Raymond (translated James McDougall)

PART V THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER

12 A Different Balance of Power: Europe and the Middle East in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 229
Abdul-Karim Rafeq

13 Colonialism, the Ottomans, the Qajars, and the Struggle for Independence: The Arab World, Turkey, and Iran 248
Peter Sluglett

PART VI INDEPENDENCE AND NATION BUILDING

14 Zionism and the Palestine Question 269
Emma C. Murphy

15 Nationalisms in the Middle East: The Case of Pan-Arabism 291
Youssef M. Choueiri

16 Turkish and Iranian Nationalisms 313
Ioannis N. Grigoriadis and Ali M. Ansari

17 Political Parties and Trade Unions 334
Raymond Hinnebusch

18 Political Life and the Military 355
Gareth Stansfield

19 Political Economy: From Modernization to Globalization 372
Simon Murden

PART VII MODERN ISSUES AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

20 Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites, and the Middle Eastern City 393
Michael E. Bonine

21 Oil and Development 407
Paul Stevens

22 Modernizing Women in the Middle East 425
Valentine M. Moghadam

23 Politics and Religion 444
Beverley Milton-Edwards

24 Ethnonational Minorities in the Middle East: Berbers, Kurds, and Palestinians 462
Lise Storm

25 Civil Society in the Middle East 486
Tim Niblock

26 The States-system in the Middle East: Origins, Development, and Prospects 504
Simon Bromley

Bibliography 534

Index 582