The Natural and Modified History of Congenital Heart Disease

1. Historical Overview: A Brief Narrative of the Modern Era of Congenital Heart Disease.

Robert M. Freedom.

2. The Prevalence of Congenital Cardiac Lesions.

Brian W. McCrindle.

3. Ventricular Septal Defect.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, John G. Coles, and Igor Konstantinov.

4. Atrial Septal Defect.

Gruschen R. Veldtman, Robert M. Freedom, and Lee N. Benson.

5. Atrioventricular Septal Defect.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and John G. Coles.

6. Common Arterial Trunk.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

7. Anomalous Origin of One Pulmonary Artery from the Ascending Aorta.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

8. Distal Ductal or Ligamental Origin of the Pulmonary Artery.

Kalyani R. Trivedi, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

9. The Patent Arterial Duct.

Alejandro R. Peirone and Lee N. Benson.

10. Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, Jennifer L. Russell, and A. Azakie.

11A. Ebstein’s Malformation of the Tricuspid Valve.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

11B. Uhl’s Anomaly of the Right Ventricle.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

12. Congenital Abnormalities of the Mitral Valve.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and John G. Coles.

13A. Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis and Isolated Congenital Pulmonary Insufficiency.

Robert M. Freedom and Lee N. Benson.

13B. Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenosis.

Kalyani R. Trivedi and Lee N. Benson.

13C. Pulmonary Artery Sling.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

14A. Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis or Regurgitation.

Henri Justino, Carlos Pedra, Robert M. Freedom, and Lee N. Benson.

14B. Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

14C. Fixed, Short-Segment Subaortic Stenosis.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

15A. Aorto-Cameral Communications.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

15B. Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

16. Tetralogy of Fallot.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

17. Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

18. Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia (Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect).

Kerstin Amark, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

19A. The Divided Right Ventricle.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

19B. Isolated Right Ventricular Hypoplasia.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

20. Aortopulmonary Window.

Rajesh Bagtharia, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

21. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Lee N. Benson.

22. Coarctation of the Aorta.

Lee N. Benson and Peter R. McLaughlin.

23. Interruption of the Aortic Arch.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

24A. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, John G. Coles, and Igor Konstantinov.

24B. The Scimitar Syndrome or Hypogenetic Right Lung Complex.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

24C. The Divided left Atrium (Cor Triatriatum).

Anne I. Dipchand, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

24D. Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

24E. Congenital Stenosis of the Individual Pulmonary Veins.

Robert M. Freedom, Ian Adatia, John G. Coles, and Igor Konstantinov.

25A. Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries: History of Palliation and Atrial Repair.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and William G. Williams.

25B. Transposition of the Great Arteries: Arterial Repair.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Jooon Yoo, and William G. Williams.

25C. The Rastelli and Other Procedures for Complex Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and William G. Williams.

26A. Conditions with Double Discordance (Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries).

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and William G. Williams.

26B. Isolated Atrioventricular Discordance.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

27. Anatomically Corrected Malposition of the Great Arteries.

Robert M. Freedom.

28. Double-Outlet Ventricle.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and William G. Williams.

29. Tricuspid Atresia.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

30. Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and Umesh Dyamenahalli.

31. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

32. Double-Inlet Ventricle.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

33. The Syndrome of Isomeric Right Atrial Appendages and Visceroatrial Heterotaxy, Often Associated with Congenital Asplenia.

Aijaz Hashmi, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

34. The Syndrome of Isomeric Left Atrial Appendages and Visceroatrial Heterotaxy, Often Associated with Polysplenia.

Thomas Gilljam, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

35. The Cavopulmonary Shunt.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and William G. Williams.

36. The Fontan-Kreutzer Procedure.

Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, and William G. Williams.

37. Complications of the Fontan Procedure.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

38. Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula.

Robert M. Freedom.

39. Cardiac Diverticulum and Aneurysm.

Robert M. Freedom.

40. Cardiac Tumors.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

41A. Conjoined Twins.

Robert M. Freedom.

41B. Ectopia Cordis.

Robert M. Freedom.

41C. Idiopathic Arterial Calcification of Infancy.

Robert M. Freedom.

41D. Persistent Fifth Aortic Arch.

Alejandro R. Peirone, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

41E. Supero-Inferior Ventricles and Hearts with Twisted Atrioventricular Connections.

Alejandro R. Peirone, Robert M. Freedom, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

41F. Kartagener’s Syndrome.

Robert M. Freedom.

41G. Myocardial Non-Compaction.

Rachel M. Wald, Robert M. Freedom, Donald Perrin, and Shi-Joon Yoo.

41H. Systemic Venous Anomalies Including Divided Right Atrium.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

41I. Isolation of the Subclavian, Innominate, or Left Common Carotid Artery.

Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo.

42. Pulmonary Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduits.

William G. Williams and David A. Ashburn.

43. Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease.

Ian Adatia.

44. Pulmonary Vascular Disease.

Ian Adatia.

45. Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventricular Assist for Congenital Heart Disease.

Desmond Bohn and Ian Adatia.

46. Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Kyong-Jin Lee and Thomas Yeh Jr.

47. Heart Transplantation.

Anne I. Dipchand.

48. Congenital Heart Block.

Robert M. Hamilton, Earl D. Silverman, Gil J. Gross, and Joel A. Kirsh.

49. Long QT Syndrome.

Rejane F. Dillenburg, Joel A. Kirsh, Gil J. Gross, and Robert M. Hamilton.

50. Supraventricular Arrhythmias.

Robert M. Hamilton, Joel A. Kirsh, and Gil J. Gross.

51. Ventricular Tachycardia.

Gil J. Gross, Wei Zhu, Christine Chiu, Robert M. Hamilton, and Joel A. Kirsh.

52. Epilogue.

Professor Jane Somerville