Wittgenstein: Meaning and Judgement

Preface vii

Abbreviations ix

1 Wittgenstein’s Master Argument 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Animating Signs 2

1.3 The Platonist Source of Grammar 9

1.4 The Cartesian Source of Grammar 11

1.5 The Community Source of Grammar 15

1.6 The Negative and Positive Phases – First Statement 16

2 Realism, Language and Self 21

2.1 Introduction 21

2.2 Logic Takes Care of Itself 22

2.3 The Need for Grammar 27

2.4 The Metaphysical Options 34

2.5 The Self 42

3 This is How We Play the Game 48

3.1 Introduction 48

3.2 Two Kinds of ‘Hidden’ 50

3.3 Meaning and Use 58

3.4 Use and Self 64

3.5 Use and Augustine’s Mistake 67

3.6 Is ‘Slab!’ a Shortening of ‘Bring Me a Slab!’or is the Latter a Lengthening of the Former? 71

3.7 This and Similar Things are called ‘Games’ 77

3.8 Spontaneity in Particular Circumstances 83

4 Rules and Other People 93

4.1 Introduction 93

4.2 The Structure of an Argument 94

4.3 The Bipartite Account of Meaning 100

4.4 Practice 105

4.5 What You See/Hear is not Normless 115

4.6 Seeing the Similarity in Particular Cases 119

5 Putting Your Self in the Picture 124

5.1 Introduction 124

5.2 The Standard Treatments 124

5.3 What’s Special about Sensations? 128

5.4 The Need for Calibration 133

5.5 Calibration in Subjectivity 137

5.6 Agreement in Forms of Life 142

5.7 ‘Inner’ Life Out There 146

5.8 Now I Understand 148

6 Seeing Things Aright 152

6.1 Introduction 152

6.2 Two Uses of the Word ‘See’ 155

6.3 See What I Mean 165

6.4 Paying Attention 168

6.5 The Place of Judgement 170

6.6 What Comes Natural 173

Bibliography 177

Index 182