American Literature and Culture, 1900 - 1960

List of Illustrations vii

Timeline viii

Acknowledgments xxii

Introduction 1

1 Big 6

Expansion and its Discontents 12

The City 19

Representing Nature 36

Apocalypse 43

The Sense of Place 48

2 Rich 60

Weber and Veblen: Reasons to Work and Reasons to Spend 66

USA 71

Work and Identity 79

Labor Reform 91

Consumption and Identity 99

3 New 110

Beginning Anew: Crevecoeur and Hawthorne 115

Young America 119

Making It New I: Literary Modernism 128

Making It New II: The Other Arts 149

4 Free 165

The Multiple Meanings of Freedom 170

War and the Affirmation of American Values 173

Writing War 180

Upstream Against the Mainstream 187

“An Inescapable Network of Mutuality” 203

Notes 211

Websites for Further Study of American Literature and Culture 215

Bibliography 217

Index 231