The Fusarium Laboratory Manual

Preface.

1. Introduction.

Techniques and Methods.

2. Media – Recipes and Preparation.

2.1 Media for Growing and Identifying Fusarium.

2.2 Supplementary Identification Media.

2.3 Media for Isolating Fusarium.

2.4 Media for the Preparation of Natural Inocula.

2.5 Synthetic and Semi-synthetic Media.

2.6 Media for Sexual Crosses.

2.7 Sterilization of Media and Materials.

3. Techniques for Recovering Fusarium.

3.1 Collecting strategy(ies).

3.2 Isolation Techniques – Plants.

3.3 Isolation Techniques – Soil.

3.4 Isolation Techniques – Spore Trapping and Air Sampling.

3.5 Seed Disinfestation.

4. Techniques for Growing and Maintaining Fusarium.

4.1 Vegetative Propagation.

4.2 Preparing Cultures for Identification.

4.3 Single Spore Subcultures.

4.4 Mutagenesis.

4.5 Culture Preservation.

5. Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs).

5.1 History of and Genetic Basis Underlying Vegetative Compatibility.

5.2 Overall Strategy for Determining if Strains are Vegetatively Compatible.

5.3 Recovering and Identifying nit Mutants.

5.4 Typical Pairing Protocols.

5.5 Common Trouble Spots – HSI, crn, and NitMs.

5.6 Characterizing a Population with VCGs.

6. Fertility Concepts.

6.1 Heterothallic, Homothallic and Pseudohomothallic.

6.2 Mating Type.

6.3 Population Effects of Mating Type.

6.4 Male, Female, and Hermaphrodite.

6.5 Crossing Protocols.

6.6 Developing Female-Fertile Tester Strains.

6.7 Species Identification Through Sexual Crosses.

7. Nucleic Acid Analyses.

7.1 DNA Extraction and Purification.

7.2 PCR – Mating-Type Alleles.

7.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs).

7.4 Sequence Analysis and Sequenced Loci.

7.5 Genetic Maps.

Taxonomy and Identification of Fusarium.

8. A Brief History of Fusarium Taxonomy.

9. Species Concepts in Fusarium.

9.1 Generic Problems in Speciation in Fusarium.

9.2 Morphological Species Concepts.

9.3 Biological Species Concepts.

9.4 Phylogenetic Species Concepts.

9.5 How Many Strains Make a Species?.

9.6 Species Names.

9.7 Subspecific Terminology.

9.8 A Species Concept for Fusarium.

10. Teleomorphs of Fusarium.

10.1 Taxonomy of Teleomorphs.

10.2 General Teleomorph Characters.

10.3 Sexual Development and Differentiation.

10.4 Spore Killer.

10.5 Anamorph-Teleomorph Connections.

11. Practical Approaches to Identification.

11.1 Overall Identification Strategy.

11.2 The Diseased Plant and Its Geographic Origin.

11.3 Native and Agricultural Populations.

11.4 Culture Preparation.

11.5 The Essence of Morphological Identifications.

11.6 Beyond Morphology – Sexual Cross Fertility.

11.7 Beyond Morphology – Molecular Diagnostics.

11.8 The Special Case of Fusarium oxysporum.

11.9 Differences Between Temperate and Tropical Regions.

11.10 Conclusions.

Species Descriptions.

12. Morphological Characters.

12.1 Macroconidia.

12.2 Microconidia.

12.3 Chlamydospores.

12.4 Other Characters.

12.5 Secondary Characters.

13. Species Descriptions.

F. acuminatum.

F. acutatum.

F. andiyazi.

F. anthophilum.

F. armeniacum.

F. avenaceum.

F. aywerte.

F. babinda.

F. begoniae.

F. beomiforme.

F. brevicatenulatum.

F. bulbicola.

F. camptoceras.

F. chlamydosporum.

F. circinatum.

F. compactum.

F. concentricum.

F. crookwellense (F. cerealis).

F. culmorum.

F. decemcellulare.

F. denticulatum.

F. dimerum.

F. dlamini.

F. equiseti.

F. foetens.

F. fujikuroi.

F. globosum.

F. graminearum.

F. guttiforme.

F. heterosporum.

F. hostae.

F. konzum.

F. lactis.

F. lateritium.

F. longipes.

F. mangiferae.

F. merismoides.

F. miscanthi.

F. musarum.

F. napiforme.

F. nelsonii.

F. nisikadoi.

F. nurragi.

F. nygamai.

F. oxysporum.

F. phyllophilum.

F. poae.

F. polyphialidicum.

F. proliferatum.

F. pseudoanthophilum.

F. pseudocircinatum.

F. pseudograminearum.

F. pseudonygamai.

F. ramigenum.

F. redolens.

F. sacchari.

F. sambucinum.

F. scirpi.

F. semitectum (F. incarnatum).

F. solani.

F. sporotrichioides.

F. sterilihyphosum.

F. subglutinans.

F. succisae.

F. thapsinum.

F. torulosum.

F. tricinctum.

F. udum.

F. venenatum.

F. verticillioides.

References.

Index