Clinical Cases in Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

Preface ix

Acronyms and Abbreviations xi

Section 1: Mammalian Hematology Case Studies

Case 1 A 6-year-old otter undergoing a routine physical examination 5

Case 2 A 10-year-old ferret with lethargy and anorexia 9

Case 3 A 6-year-old ferret with anorexia and lethargy 13

Case 4 A 2-year-old ferret with weight loss and lethargy 17

Case 5 A 3-year-old rabbit with anorexia 21

Case 6 A 6-year-old hedgehog with anorexia and ataxia 27

Case 7 A 7-year-old guinea pig with anorexia and decreased water intake 31

Case 8 A 31/2-year-old ferret with lethargy and weight loss 35

Section 2: Avian Hematology Case Studies

Case 9 A 1-year-old parrot with an acute onset of severe illness 45

Case 10 A 2-year-old chicken with lethargy inappetence and lack of egg laying 49

Case 11 A 14-year-old macaw with feather-picking behavior and weight loss 53

Case 12 A 14-year-old parrot with weakness anorexia and labored breathing 57

Case 13 A 4-year-old parrot with anorexia weakness and lethargy 61

Case 14 An adult vulture with generalized weakness 65

Case 15 A 2-year-old tragopan with wounds 67

Case 16 A 5-month-old chicken with lethargy 69

Case 17 A 4-year-old budgerigar with generalized weakness and breathing heavily 73

Case 18 A 41/2-year-old duck with acute dyspnea 75

Case 19 A 14-year-old falcon with anorexia 79

Case 20 An 8-month-old hawk with anorexia weakness and vomiting 83

Case 21 A juvenile kestrel with a drooping right wing and blood in the left nares 89

Section 3: Herptile Hematology Case Studies

Case 22 A 20-year-old turtle with lethargy and anorexia 95

Case 23 A 3-year-old lizard with lethargy and keeping the eyes closed 101

Case 24 An 18-month-old lizard with an oral mass 105

Case 25 A 35-year-old tortoise with anorexia lethargy and constipation 111

Case 26 An adult turtle with a fractured carapace and leg laceration 117

Case 27 A 2-year-old lizard with anorexia and weight loss 121

Section 4: Fish Hematology Case Studies

Case 28 An adult stingray with weight loss and lethargy 127

Case 29 An adult stingray undergoing a routine physical examination 131

Section 5: Mammalian Cytology Case Studies

Case 30 A 6-year-old guinea pig with excessive drinking and urination soft stools and weight loss 137

Case 31 A 2-year-old rat with diarrhea dry skin and squinting eye 143

Case 32 A 6-year-old tiger with two masses in her mouth 147

Case 33 A 10-year-old lion with weight loss and lethargy 151

Case 34 A 51/2-year-old ferret presented for a presurgical evaluation 155

Case 35 A 4-year-old ferret with a tail mass 159

Case 36 A 5-year-old rabbit with a mass near the left nostril 163

Case 37 A 1-year-old chinchilla with a closed eye 167

Case 38 A 5-year-old ferret with a swollen head 169

Case 39 A 2-year-old rat with a swelling around the left inguinal area 173

Case 40 A 5-year-old ferret with lethargy dyspnea diarrhea polyuria and polydypsia 175

Case 41 A 3-year-old guinea pig with anorexia and decreased water intake 179

Case 42 A 9-year-old ferret with a mass on the ear 181

Case 43 A 3-year-old ferret with lethargy and weight loss 183

Case 44 A 3-month-old ferret with a prolapsed rectum 187

Case 45 A 21/2-year-old gerbil with lethargy and anorexia 193

Case 46 A 5-year-old guinea pig with an ulcerated swelling in the abdominal area 195

Case 47 A 6-year-old ferret with pawing at the mouth 199

Case 48 A 7-year-old ferret with bilateral alopecia 203

Section 6: Avian Cytology Case Studies

Case 49 A 20-year-old parrot with dyspnea weight loss and persistent ascites 209

Case 50 An 11-year-old cockatiel with a mass in the ear 213

Case 51 A 4-year-old cockatiel with a swollen head 215

Case 52 An adult owl with a swollen elbow 219

Case 53 A 2-year-old macaw with left leg lameness 221

Case 54 A 6-year-old lovebird with dystocia 225

Case 55 A 5-year-old parrot with dyspnea 227

Case 56 A 2-year-old macaw with anorexia and weight loss 235

Case 57 An adult goose with a mass on the wing 241

Case 58 A 14-year-old budgerigar with lethargy and anorexia 245

Case 59 A 35-year-old parrot with weight loss and dyspnea 249

Case 60 A 29-year-old parrot with halitosis and reduced vocalization 253

Case 61 A 6-month-old cockatiel with labored breathing 257

Case 62 A 13-year-old parrot with a prolapsed cloaca 259

Case 63 A 17-year-old cockatoo with broken blood feathers 265

Case 64 An adult duck with a mass on the rhinotheca 271

Case 65 A 3-month-old flamingo with a mass on the rhinotheca 277

Section 7: Herptile Cytology Case Studies

Case 66 A 2-year-old lizard with difficulty breathing 281

Case 67 A 3-year-old lizard with vomiting and weight loss 285

Case 68 A 9-year-old lizard with a mass near the vent 287

Case 69 A 19-year-old lizard with a large mass on its leg 289

Case 70 An 11-year-old lizard with an oral mass 293

Case 71 A 10-year-old snake with a coelomic mass and concern of intestinal impaction 297

Case 72 A 9-month-old lizard with anorexia and weight loss 299

Case 73 A 6-year-old lizard with a tail mass 301

Case 74 A 27-year-old snake with a snout lesion 305

Case 75 A 1-year-old lizard with multiple infections 309

Case 76 An adult snake with severe dyspnea 311

Case 77 An adult newt with a white skin lesion 315

Case 78 An adult frog in a moribund condition 317

Case 79 A 10-year-old lizard with anorexia 321

Section 8: Fish Cytology Case Studies

Case 80 An adult eel with anorexia and skin lesions 325

Case 81 A 11/2-year-old goldfish with dropsy 329

Case 82 A 6-year-old fish with a red mass protruding from the vent 333

Case 83 An adult stingray with skin masses 335

Case 84 An adult fish with a mass projecting from the gills 339

Case 85 A 5-year-old fish with bloating and constipation 341

Case 86 An adult fish with lesions around its mouth 345

Case 87 An adult fish with a large red mass on its belly 349

Case 88 A 3-year-old fish with a growth below the eye 351

Case 89 An adult fish with increased gilling and eye lesions 355

Case 90 A fish that is a sole survivor of a massive fish die-off 357

Case 91 An adult stingray presented for examination for coccidia 359

Case 92 An adult fish with a large mass on its operculum 361

Case 93 An adult fish with a mass on its side 365

Case 94 An adult fish with ulcerative skin lesions 367

References 371

Index 373