A History of Alternative Dispute Resolution: The Story of a Political, Social, and Cultural Movement

Foreword ix
William J. Usery

Preface xiii

List of Acronyms xxi

ADR Timeline xxv

1. The Roots of ADR: The Deciding Stone to the European Law Merchant 1

2. Diplomatic ADR: Akhenaton to Woodrow Wilson 19

3. ADR Comes to America: The Precolonial Period to the Ten-Hour Day 41

4. The Civil War: The Limits and the Promise of ADR 55

5. Commercial and Business ADR: The Phoenicians to the American Arbitration Association 69

6. Employee and Union Struggles: Reconstruction to the Coal Wars 85

7. Trains and a World War: Pulling ADR into the Twentieth Century 97

8. Labor-Management ADR, 1920–1945: Bust and Boom 111

9. After the War: Taft-Hartley to the Steel Trilogy 125

10. Branching Out: ADR in the 1960s 141

11. New Rights and New Forms: ADR in the 1970s 159

12. Outside the Federal Realm: New Groups Pick Up the ADR Torch 177

13. Crisis and Rebirth: Labor-Management ADR in the 1980s 191

14. The Era of Win-Win: Nonlabor ADR Becomes a Force of Its Own 209

15. The Great Expansion: ADR in the 1990s 239

16. ADR and the Twenty-First Century: Threats and Hopes 259

Bibliography 271

About the Authors 283

Index 285