Fault Detectability in DWDM: Toward Higher Signal Quality and System Reliability

Acknowledgments.

Introduction.

Chapter 1: Properties of Light and Matter.

1.1: Introduction.

1.2: Nature of Light.

1.3: Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction.

1.4: Polarization of Light.

1.5: Propagation of Light.

1.6: Fiber Birefringence and Polarization.

1.7: Dispersion.

1.8: Fiber Attenuation and Loss.

1.9: Fiber Spectrum Utilization.

1.10: Nonlinear Phenomena.

1.11: Spectral Broadening.

1.12: Self-Phase Modulation.

1.13: Self-Modulation or Modulation Instability.

1.14: Effects of Temperature on Matter and Light.

1.15: Light Attributes.

1.16: Material Attributes.

1.17: Measurable Parameters.

References.

Standards.

Chapter 2: Optical Components.

2.1: Introduction.

2.2: Laser Sources.

2.3: Optical Comb Generators.

2.4: Chirped-Pulse Laser Sources.

2.5: Modulators.

2.6: Photodetectors.

2.7: Fixed Optical Filters.

2.8: Tunable Optical Filters.

2.9: Diffraction Gratings.

2.10: Arrayed Waveguide Grating.

2.11: Directional Couplers.

2.12: Optical Isolators.

2.13: Polarizers, Rotators, and Circulators.

2.14: Optical Equalizers.

2.15: Superprisms.

2.16: Optical Multiplexers and Demultiplexers.

2.17: Optical Cross-Connects.

2.18: Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers.

2.19: Optical Amplifiers.

2.20: Classification of Optical Fiber Amplifiers.

2.21: Wavelength Converters.

References.

Standards.

Chapter 3: Parameters Affecting the Optical DWDM Signal.

3.1: Introduction.

3.2: Component Parameters.

References.

Standards.

Chapter 4: Faults Affecting the Optical DWDM Signal.

4.1: Introduction.

4.2: Components.

4.3: Filters: Fabry-Perot (Passive, Fixed).

4.4: Filters: Fiber Bragg Grating (Passive, Fixed).

4.5: Filters: Chirped FBG (Passive, Fixed).

4.6: Filters: Acousto-Optic Tunable Ti:LiNbO3.

4.7: SOA: InGaAsP.

4.8: OFA: Factors Affecting Integrity and Quality of Signal.

4.9: OFA: Single Pump.

4.10: OFA: Double Pump.

4.11: Mux/Demux.

4.12: OXC: MEMS.

4.13: OXC: LiNbO3.

4.14: OXC Liquid Crystal.

4.15: OADM: LiNbO3 Based.

4.16: OADM: MEMS with Grating.

4.17: Transmitter: Laser.

4.18: Receiver: PIN Diode.

4.19: Fiber: Single Mode.

References.

Standards.

Chapter 5: Fault Correlation.

5.1: Introduction.

5.2: Correlation of Faults and Component Parameter Changes.

5.3: Open Issues: Nonlinear Effects.

References.

Standards.

Chapter 6: Toward DWDM Fault Management and Current Issues.

6.1: Introduction.

6.2: Toward Fault Management.

6.3: Current Issues.

6.4: Engineering DWDM Systems: Conclusion.

References.

Standards.

Acronyms.

Index.

About the Author.