Advanced Instrumentation and Computer I/O Design: Real-Time Computer Interactive Engineering

Preface VII

1 Sensors, Excitation, and Linearization 1

1-0 Introduction 1

1-1 Basic Principles 2

1-2 Temperature Sensors 4

1-3 Pressure, Flow, and Level Measurement 8

1-4 Motion, Vibration, Force, and Tactile Transducers 13

1-5 Photometry and Image Sensors 17

1-6 Nuclear and Chemical Analyzers 20

1-7 Sensor Linearization 25

Problems 28

References 28

2 Operational and Instrumentation Amplifiers 30

2-0 Introduction 30

2-1 Device Temperature Characteristics 31

2-2 Differential Amplifiers 32

2-3 Operational Amplifiers 36

2-4 Instrumentation Amplifiers and Error Budgets 45

2-5 Noise in Low-Level Amplification 56

Problems 60

References 62

3 Filters for Measurement Signals 63

3-0 Introduction 63

3-1 Lowpass Instrumentation Filters 64

3-2 Active Filter Networks 70

3-3 Filter Error Analysis 77

3-4 Bandpass Instrumentation Filters 84

Problems 91

References 93

4 Analog Signal Acquisition, Conditioning, and Processing 95

4-0 Introduction 95

4-1 Input Grounding, Shielding, and Termination Practice 96

4-2 Signal Conditioning Error Analysis 99

4-3 DC, Sinusoidal, and Harmonic Signal Conditioning 102

4-4 Analog Signal Processing 110

Problems 119

References 121

5 Devices for Data Conversion 122

5-0 Introduction 122

5-1 Analog Multiplexers 123

5-2 Sample-Holds 128

5-3 Digital-to-Analog Converters 132

5-4 Analog-to-Digital Converters 140

Problems 153

References 154

6 Sampled Data, Intersample Error, and Interpolation 155

6-0 Introduction 155

6-1 Sampled Data 156

6-2 Aliasing of Signal and Noise 160

6-3 Intersample and Aperture Error 164

6-4 Signal Recovery and Interpolation 170

Problems 176

References 177

7 Conversion System Design with Computer-Assisted Analysis 179

7-0 Introduction 179

7-1 System Design Considerations 180

7-2 Low Data Rate I/O System 182

7-3 High Data Rate I/O System 194

7-4 Computer-Assisted Interface Analysis Software Description 203

Problems 215

References 215

8 Advanced Interfacing Systems for Imaging, Digital Control, and Adaptive Performance 218

8-0 Introduction 218

8-1 Wideband Widerange Data Conversion 219

8-2 Digital Image Acquisition 221

8-3 Digital Control Interfacing Considerations 224

8-4 Performance Adaptive Controlled Accuracy Interfacing 230

Problems 234

References 234

9 Digital Processor Interfacing, Intelligent I/O, and Programming 23B

9-0 Introduction 236

9-1 Microcomputer Busses and Digital I/O 237

9-2 Processor Interfacing Methods 245

9-3 Intelligent I/O System 251

9-4 Real-Time Programming Considerations 255

Problems 260

References 260

10 Distributed Interfacing Systems 261

10-0 Introduction 261

10-1 Distributed I/O Networks 262

10-2 MODEM Data Transmission 267

10-3 System Response Time and Reliability Calculations 272

10-4 Local Area Networks 277

Problems 282

References 283

Index 285