Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History, 2nd Edition

Preface vii

Introduction 1

1 Concepts 5

The Meanings of Nationalism 5

Definitions 9

2 Ideologies 24

Fundamental Ideals 27

Core Concepts 31

Nationalism as Culture and Religion 36

Voluntarism and Organicism 39

‘Ethnic’ and ‘Civic’ Nationalisms 42

3 Paradigms 47

Modernism 49

Perennialism 53

Primordialism 55

Ethno-symbolism 60

Conclusion 63

4 Theories 66

Ideology and Industrialism 66

Reason and Emotion 72

Politics and Culture 77

Elites and Everyday Nationalism 82

Construction and Reinterpretation 85

Conclusion 93

5 Histories 95

‘Great Nations’, Small Ethnies 96

Nations Before Nationalism 100

Nations in Antiquity? 110

Nations in History: An Alternative View 115

Conclusion 125

6 Prospects 129

Proliferating Nationalism 129

The Demise of the Nation-state? 132

Hybrid Identities? 136

The Dissolution of Nationalism? 139

The Consumer Society 141

Global Culture? 143

Internationalizing Nationalism 146

Uneven Ethno-histories 150

Sacred Foundations 153

Conclusion 157

Notes 159

Appendix 172

References 177

Index 197