What is Citizenship?

Preface vii

Acknowledgement viii

Introduction 1

1 The Liberal Tradition 4

Origins • Citizenship and capitalism • Marshall's analysis • Marshall: influence and judgements • Social citizenship and neo-liberalism • Two additional elements • Citizenship rights at the turn of the century • The problem of rights in practice

2 The Civic Republican Tradition 44

Major thinkers • Purpose of citizenship • Style of citizenship • Qualities of citizenship • Role of the citizen • Forming the citizen • Revival and arguments • Adaptations for today

3 Who Are Citizens? 80

Legal definitions • Equality or elitism? • Feminist perspectives • Citizenship as nationality: origins • Citizenship and nationality synthesized • National citizens: made or born • Multiculturalism

4 Multiple Citizenship 115

The idea of multiple citizenship • Parallel citizenships • Federal constitutions • The European Union • Sub-state citizenships • The idea of cosmopolis • World citizenship identity and morality • World law and the citizen • World governance and the citizen • Pros and cons

5 Problems and Resolutions 155

Inherent problems and tensions • Current issues • The roles of education • Connections and essence

References 181

Select Reading List 187

Index 189