Urban Regeneration in Europe

Contributors xi

Preface xv

Acknowledgements xvii

Acronyms xix

1 Introduction: the European Context and Theoretical Framework 1
Chris Couch and Charles Fraser

The contemporary European context 1

Issues in international comparative urban research 6

Research methodology 9

The choice of localities 13

The structure of the case studies 16

2 Change in the European Industrial City 17
Charles Fraser

The origins of the industrial city 17

The decline of the industrial city 19

The case for intervention 22

National policy responses 24

The impact of the European Union 30

New challenges 31

The response to the challenge 33

3 Urban Regeneration in Liverpool 34
Chris Couch

The city centre and docklands 37

Vauxhall and North Liverpool 49

Conclusions 54

4 Dundee: a City Discovering Inclusion and Regeneration 56
Greg Lloyd and John McCarthy

Introduction 56

Historic context 58

Decline and change 59

Revival 59

Culture, partnership and regionalism 65

Emerging agendas 67

Conclusion 68

5 Urban Regeneration in Belfast 69
Stephen McKay

Historical background 69

Recent population changes 71

Political context 72

Belfast City Council 74

Planning 76

Housing 78

Urban regeneration 78

Economic growth 82

Conclusion 84

6 Lille: from Textile Giant to Tertiary Turbine 85
Charles Fraser and Thierry Baert

Decline and the seeds of renewal 87

A changing image in the Nord 89

Economic restructuring 90

The Channel Tunnel 91

Administrative reform 92

The spatial planning context 93

The development results 94

An international profi le 97

Case studies 98

The evolution of French regeneration 106

Summary 107

7 Rotterdam: Structural Change and the Port 109
Chris Couch

Renewing older inner-city neighbourhoods 110

Rebuilding and maintaining the city centre 116

Kop van Zuid 118

Conclusions 124

8 Belgium: the Case of Wallonie 126
Charles Fraser and Luc Marechal

Historical background 126

A new beginning and a new programme 129

The process in action 132

Summary 134

9 Milan: the Bovisa District 135
Corinna Morandi

The historic context 135

Decline and change 138

Revival 141

Emerging agendas 146

Notes 148

10 The Ruhr: from Dereliction to Recovery 149
Susan Percy

Background 150

Regeneration and development in the Ruhr region 151

Emscher Park International Building Exhibition (IBA) 156

Conclusion 165

11 Economic and Physical Infl uences on Urban Regeneration in Europe 166
Chris Couch

Geographical location 166

The strength of the regional economy 169

The use of land and buildings 174

Conclusions 179

12 The Institutional and Financial Conditions of Urban Regeneration in Europe 180
Charles Fraser

Administrative structures 180

Political processes 187

Financial structures 189

Summary 198

13 New Agendas 200
Susan Percy

Globalisation and place marketing 200

New industries and links to education 203

Social exclusion 204

New alliances and partnerships 205

Promoting sustainability 207

Conclusions 208

14 Review 210
Charles Fraser, Chris Couch and Susan Percy

Bibliography 217

Index 227