A Spanish Grammar Workbook

Preface viii

Acknowledgements x

Pronunciation 1

1 The alphabet [1–2] 1

2 Diphthongs [9–10] 2

3 Stress [10–17] 3

4 Punctuation and capital letters [18–24] 5

5 Revision 7

The Article 11

6 The definite article [26–70] 11

7 The indefinite article [71–85] 15

The Noun 20

8 Gender: masculine and feminine [86–123] 20

9 Number: plural formation [124–50] 23

The Adjective 28

10 Agreement and placement of adjectives [151–80] 28

11 Degrees of comparison [181–98] 33

Numerals 38

12 Cardinals and ordinals [204–32] 38

13 Fractions, multiples and collectives [233–7] 43

Pronouns 45

14 Personal pronouns [238–97] 45

15 Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives [298–319] 52

16 Possessive pronouns and adjectives [320–41] 55

17 Relative pronouns [342–64] 59

18 Interrogative and exclamatory pronouns and adjectives [365–77] 61

19 Indefinite pronouns and adjectives [378–535] 63

Impersonal Expressions 68

20 Uses of impersonal expressions [536–45] 68

The Adverb 73

21 Adverbs of manner [546–69] 73

22 Adverbs of degree and quantity [570–96] 75

23 Adverbs of time [597–610] 77

24 Adverbs of place [611–20] 78

25 Adverbs of confirmation, negation and doubt [621–31] 80

26 Adverbial expressions [632–3] 81

Comparative Constructions 83

27 Uses of comparative constructions [638–57] 83

Prepositions 88

28 Uses of prepositions [658–794] 88

Constructions with Verbs and Nouns 100

29 General rule and use [795–822] 100

Conjunctions 106

30 Use of some conjunctions [823–56] 106

The Verb: Conjugation 113

Regular Verbs 113

31 Present indicative [857–60] 113

32 Imperfect and preterite indicative [861–4] 119

33 Future and conditional [865–8] 125

34 Present subjunctive [869–70] 130

35 Imperfect subjunctive [871–4] 133

36 Perfect and pluperfect of indicative [878–9] 136

37 Future perfect and conditional perfect [881–2] 139

38 Perfect and pluperfect subjunctive [883–5] 141

39 The imperative [887–97] 144

40 Irregular verbs [903–70] 148

Use of the Tenses 163

41 Present indicative [971–7] 163

42 Past tenses of the indicative [978–98] 170

43 Future and conditional tenses of the indicative [999–1013] 184

44 Sequence of tense with the subjunctive [1014–17] 189

The Passive 198

45 The passive idea [1018–23] 198

Use of the Moods 206

46 Use of the subjunctive [1024–76] 206

The Impersonal Forms of the Verb 224

47 The infinitive [1077–136] 224

48 The gerund [1137–74] 231

49 The past participle [1175–230] 238

Special Problems with Spanish Verbs 245

50 Ser and estar [1231–55] 245

51 Haber, deber and poder [1256–75] 256

Subject–Verb Concord 265

52 General rule and use [1276–89] 265

Syntax of Negative Elements 268

53 General rule and use [1291–8] 268

Word Order 274

54 General rule and use [1299–1318] 274

Affective Suffixes 279

55 Forms and meaning [1319–32] 279

Key 284