RF / Microwave Interaction with Biological Tissues

Introduction.

1 Fundamentals of Electromagnetics.

1.1 RF and Microwave Frequency Ranges.

1.2 Fields.

1.3 Electromagnetics.

1.4 RF and Microwave Energy.

1.5 Penetration in Biological Tissues and Skin Effect.

1.6 Relaxation, Resonance, and Display.

1.7 Dielectric Measurements.

1.8 Exposure.

References.

Problems.

2 RF/Microwave Interaction Mechanisms in Biological Materials.

2.1 Bioelectricity.

2.2 Tissue Characterization.

2.3 Thermodynamics.

2.4 Energy.

References.

Problems.

3 Biological Effects.

3.1 Absorption.

3.2 Nervous System.

3.3 Cells and Membranes.

3.4 Molecular Level.

3.5 Low-Level Exposure and ELF Components.

3.6 Ear, Eye, and Heart.

3.7 Influence of Drugs.

3.8 Nonthermal, Microthermal, and Isothermal Effects.

3.9 Epidemiology Studies.

3.10 Interferences.

3.11 Radiation Hazards and Exposure Standards.

References.

Problems 150

4 Thermal Therapy.

4.1 Introduction to Thermotherapy.

4.2 Heating Principle.

4.3 Hyperthermia.

4.4 Method of Thermometry.

References.

Problems.

5 EM Wave Absorbers Protecting Biological and Medical Environment.

5.1 Foundation of EM Wave Absorbers.

5.2 Classification of Wave Absorbers.

5.3 Fundamental Principle.

5.4 Fundamental Theory of EM Wave Absorbers.

5.5 Application of EM Absorber.

5.6 EM Wave Absorbers Based on Equivalent Transformation Method of Material Constant.

5.7 Method for Improving RF Field Distribution in a Small Room.

References.

Problems.

6 RF/Microwave Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Transmission Lines and Waveguides for Medical Applications.

6.3 Antennas.

6.4 RF and Microwave Ablation.

6.5 Perfusion Chamber.

6.6 RF Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

6.7 Endometrial Ablation.

6.8 Microwave Measurement Techniques: Examples.

6.9 Future Research.

References.

Problems.

Index.