Innovations in Office Design: The Critical Influence Approach to Effective Work Environments

FOREWORD xi

PREFACE xiii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii

INTRODUCTION 1

WHAT DEFINES THE WORKPLACE DESIGN CLIMATE? 2

PREVIEW OF WHAT’S AHEAD 3

CHAPTER 1: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 11

VALUES AND PERCEIVED RISKS OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 11

INTERPRETATION BY DIVERSE DISCIPLINES 15

COLLABORATION BETWEEN ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN FIRMS 18

KEY COMPONENTS OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 27

SUMMARY 27

CHAPTER 2: THE CRITICAL INFLUENCE SYSTEM 31

KEY FACTORS ENABLING A SUSTAINABLE PLATFORM FOR CHANGE 31

DEFINING THE CRITICAL INFLUENCE SYSTEM 32

KEY FACTORS INFLUENCING HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN THE WORKPLACE 35

CHAPTER 3: CREATIVITY, INNOVATION, AND THE INNOVATION-FRIENDLY WORKPLACE 71

DEFINING CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION 72

BUSINESS CASE FOR DISTINCTION 72

THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 74

DESIGNING FOR DIVERSITY 77

DICHOTOMIES OF THE INNOVATION-FRIENDLY WORKPLACE 79

AN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INNOVATION 87

THE INNOVATION-FRIENDLY WORKPLACE 94

LESSONS LEARNED IN THE DESIGN OF INNOVATION-FRIENDLY WORKPLACES 97

BENEFITS OF COLLABORATION TO INNOVATION 103

CHAPTER 4: UNDER THE INFLUENCE 105

WORKPLACE TRANSFORMATION AND THE CRITICAL INFLUENCE SYSTEM 105

SUMMARY 126

CHAPTER 5: CASE STUDIES: COLLABORATIVE WORKPLACES THAT WORK 129

CASE STUDY: ALCOA CORPORATE CENTER 130

CASE STUDY: MARCONI COMMUNICATIONS 136

CASE STUDY: SEI INVESTMENTS 143

CASE STUDY: GSA WORKPLACE 20 \ 20 145

CASE STUDY: ANALYTICAL GRAPHICS, INC. 159

CASE STUDY: PFIZER GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 165

CASE STUDY: CISCO—THE CONNECTED WORKPLACE 170

CASE STUDY: GENSLER HEADQUARTERS 173

CASE STUDY: DE LAGE LANDEN 177

CHAPTER 6: COLLABORATIVE WORKPLACE PRINCIPLES 183

CULTURAL ELEMENTS FOSTERING INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR 184

OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS FOSTERING INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR 185

ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS FOSTERING INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR 189

COLLABORATIVE WORKPLACE PRINCIPLES 193

CHAPTER 7: COLLABORATIVE PRINCIPLE INDEX 195

EIGHT MYTHS OF WORKPLACE COLLABORATION 196

COLLABORATIVE PRINCIPLE INDEX 203

CHAPTER 8: CRITICAL INFLUENCE DESIGN MODEL 207

INCORPORATING DISTINCT AREAS OF FUNCTIONAL EXPERTISE 207

THE CRITICAL INFLUENCE DESIGN MODEL 208

GROWING THE MODEL TO SUPPORT COMPLEX CLIENT REQUIREMENTS 211

DISTINGUISHING CRITICAL INFLUENCE DESIGN FROM OTHER APPROACHES 212

A SUSTAINABLE PLATFORM FOR CHANGE 213

THE CRITICAL INFLUENCE DESIGN MODEL: ADDRESSING EMERGING BUSINESS ISSUES 219

SUMMARY 223

CHAPTER 9: APPLYING THE MODEL 225

STILL NOT CONVINCED? 225

PRECONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS 227

APPLYING THE CRITICAL INFLUENCE DESIGN MODEL 228

CONCLUSION 235

INDEX 237