Cognition

1.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEME

1.2 WHAT IS COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?

1.3 THE INNATE MIND AND ACQUIRED MIND: THE RATIONALIST AND EMPIRICIST TRADITIONS

1.4 MIND AS ASSOCIATIONS

1.5 MIND AS BRAIN: NEUROLOGY, PHRENOLOGY AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

1.6 MIND AS A NETWORK: FROM NEURONS TO ASSEMBLIES OF NEURONS

1.7 THE MIND AS STRUCTURE

1.8 MIND AS HOLISTIC: GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY

1.9 MIND AS FUNCTIONAL: EVOLUTION AND THE ADAPTIVE MIND

1.10 THE ADAPTIVE MIND: LOGICAL POSITIVISM AND BEHAVIORISM

1.11 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

1.12 MIND AS AN INFORMATION PROCESSOR: THE WORLD WARS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL TESTING, INFORMATION PROCESSING AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

1.13 MIND AS COMPUTATIONAL: COMPUTERS, PROBLEM SOLVING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1.14 NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE

1.15 CONCLUSIONS

1.16 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

1.17 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

1.18 ILLUSTRATIONS

2. FROM SENSATION TO PERCEPTION

2.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

2.2 FROM SENSORY TRANSDUCTION TO PERCEPTIONS

2.3 GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY: TOP-DOWN CONSTRUCTIVE PERCEPTION

2.4 PATTERN PERCEPTION

2.5 BINDING

2.6 SUMMARY

2.7 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

2.8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

3. ATTENTION IN A NOISY WORLD

3.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

3.2 A CASE OF LEFT-SIDED NEGLECT:  FEDERICO FELLINI

3.3 THE FILTER METAPHOR:  THE COCKTAIL PARTY PHENOMENON

3.4 THE LEAKY FILTER: MORAY AND TRIESMAN

3.5 THE RESOURCE METAPHOR

3.6 AUTOMATIC AND CONTROLLED PROCESSING

3.7 BUILDING BRIDGES BETWEEN MIND AND BRAIN: EXECUTIVE FUNCTION, THE SUPERVISORY ATTENTIONAL SYSTEM AND THE BRAIN

3.8 SPACE-BASED ATTENTION AND NEGLECT

3.9 THE SPOTLIGHT METAPHOR:  SPACE BASED ATTENTION

3.10 SPATIAL AND OBJECT-ORIENTED NEGLECT

3.11 CONCLUSIONS: ATTENTION

3.12 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

3.13 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

4. THE MODAL MODEL OF MEMORY

4.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

4.2 LIFE MOMENT BY MOMENT

4.3 BACKGROUND FOR THE MODAL MODEL OF MEMORY

4.4 MEMORY: THE MODAL MODEL

4.5 GEORGE SPERLING’S DISCOVERY OF SENSORY MEMORY

4.6 SHORT-TERM, OR PRIMARY, MEMORY

4.7 SUMMARY OF THE MODAL MODEL OF MEMORY: TRANSITION TO WORKING MEMORY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

4.8 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

4.9 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

5. WORKING MEMORY AND THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE

5.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

5.2 PATIENT P.V.: LOSS OF VERBAL SHORT-TERM MEMORY WITH PRESERVATION OF VISUAL SHORT-TERM MEMORY

5.3 WORKING MEMORY CIRCA 1974

5.4 WORKING MEMORY CIRCA 2000

5.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF WORKING MEMORY

5.6 BUILDING BRIDGES: THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE AND THE FRONTAL LOBES

5.7 SUMMARY

5.8 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

5.9 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

6. MAKING MEMORIES

6.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

6.2 PI TO 31,811 DIGITS

6.3 FACTORS INFLUENCING MEMORY ENCODING

6.4 ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY AND MEMORY

6.5 BUILDING BRIDGES: CONSOLIDATION OF ENCODING

6.6 CONCLUSIONS

6.7 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

6.8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

7. RETRIEVAL AND MEMORY DISTORTION

7.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

7.2 EBBINGHAUS’ MEMORY OVER TIME

7.3 WHY DO WE FORGET?

7.4 MEMORY DISTORTION

7.5 CONCLUSIONS: RETRIEVAL AND MEMORY DISTORTION

7.6 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

7.7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

8. VARIATIONS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

8.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

8.2 K.C.: THE LOSS OF EPISODIC MEMORY

8.3 TYPES OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

8.4 DECLARATIVE, EXPLICIT MEMORY: EPISODIC MEMORY

8.5 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY

8.6 NON-DECLARATIVE: IMPLICIT MEMORY

8.7 “I KNOW YOUR FACE BUT I CAN’T REMEMBER.. .. ?”: KNOWING VERSUS REMEMBERING

8.8 DO EPISODIC MEMORIES BECOME SEMANTIC MEMORIES?

8.9 BUILDING BRIDGES: TEMPORAL LOBE EXPLICIT MEMORY AND STRIATUM IMPLICIT MEMORY

8.10 CONCLUSIONS: ONE MEMORY OR MANY?

8.11 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

8.12 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

9. CATEGORIZATION AND MEANING

9.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

9.2 THE STORY OF THE PLAGUE OF INSOMNIA

9.3 CATEGORIES AND SEMANTIC NETWORKS: THE CLASSICAL RULE-BASED APPROACH

9.4 PROBLEMS FOR THE CLASSICAL MODEL

9.5 FEATURE COMPARISON MODELS

9.6 SCHEMATA, FRAMES AND SCRIPTS

9.7 IMAGERY BASED KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION

9.8 CONNECTIONIST MODELS OF MIND

9.9 CONCLUSIONS: CATEGORIES AND MEANING

9.10 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

9.11 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS 

10. CONSCIOUSNESS

10.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

10.2 “NOW I AM AWAKE!” -- THE LIFE OF CLIVE WEARING

10.3 THE PROBLEM OF CONSCIOUSNESS

10.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

10.5 THE THEATRE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

10.6 PERCEPTUAL BINDING AS A MODEL FOR CONSCIOUSNESS

10.7 BRIDGING BRAIN AND MIND: THE GLOBAL NEURONAL WORKPLACE

10.8 AWARENESS OF SELF AND OTHERS: MIRROR NEURONS, ACTION AND UNDERSTANDING

10.9 CONCLUSION: THE ZOMBIE WITHIN -- THE PURPOSE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

10.10 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

10.11 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

11. THE DESCRIPTION AND OVERVIEW OF LANGUAGE

11.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

11.2 THE STORY OF MY LIFE, HELEN KELLER

11.3 LANGUAGE AND SPEECH

11.4 THE SPEECH SIGNAL

11.5 SEMANTIC, TOP-DOWN, INFLUENCE ON SPEECH PERCEPTION

11.6 MORPHEMES

11.7 SYNTAX: SURFACE AND DEEP STRUCTURE

11.8 WORD, SENTENCES AND THE EXTRACTION OF MEANING

11.9 FROM SENTENCES TO NARRATIVE AND DISCOURSE

11.10 BUILDING BRIDGES: INFERENCE AND THE BRAIN

11.11 CONCLUSIONS: LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION AND OVERVIEW

11.12 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

11.13 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

12. FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN LANGUAGE THEORY

12.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

12.2 NATIVIST VERSUS EMPIRICIST THEORIES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

12.3 THE SOURCE OF LANGUAGE STRUCTURE

12.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE

12.5 THE “LANGUAGE GENE”

12.6 INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

12.7 RECENT CHALLENGES TO THE NATIVIST POSITION

12.8 THOUGHT BEFORE LANGUAGE?

12.9 MODULARITY OF LANGUAGE

12.10 CONCLUSIONS: LANGUAGE ISSUES

12.11 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

12.12 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

13. INFORMATION PROCESSING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

13.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

13.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

13.3 GAME THEORY

13.4 EXPERT SYSTEMS

13.5 CONCLUSIONS

13.6 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

13.7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS 

14. PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING

14.1 PREVIEW OF CHAPTER THEMES

14.2 EARLY RESEARCH ON PROBLEM SOLVING: THE GESTALT TRADITION

14.3 REASONING

14.4 MENTAL MODELS

14.5 BUILDING BRIDGES:  IMAGING DECISION MAKING

14.6 BUT ARE WE REALLY ILLOGICAL?

14.7 TEST YOURSELF STUDY QUESTIONS

14.8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Appendix A: NEURONS

Appendix B: GEOGRAPHY OF THE BRAIN

Appendix C: IMAGING THE BRAIN