The Chemistry and Technology of Magnesia

Acknowledgments.

1 History of Magnesia.

1.1 History of Magnesia.

2 Formation and Occurrence of Magnesite and Brucite.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Sedimentary Magnesite—Basis for Carbonate Deposition.

2.3 Serpentine Alteration by Hydrothermal Processes.

2.4 Cryptocrystalline Magnesite Formation by Infiltration.

2.5 Crystalline Magnesite—Replacement of Limestone and Dolomite.

2.6 Brucite.

2.7 Worldwide Occurrence of Magnesite and Brucite.

2.8 Physical and Chemical Properties of Magnesite.

2.9 Chemical and Physical Properties of Brucite.

3 Synthetic Magnesia.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Composition of Seawater and Brines.

3.3 Process Description.

3.4 Calcination.

3.5 Grinding.

3.6 Packaging.

3.7 Sampling and Testing and In-Process Quality Control.

3.8 Aman Process.

3.9 General Properties of Synthetic Magnesia.

4 Mining and Processing Magnesite.

4.1 Mining Operations.

4.2 Processing Magnesite.

4.3 Gravity Concentration.

4.4 Tertiary Crushing.

4.5 Postcalcination Screening and Grinding.

5 Calcination of Magnesium Hydroxide and Carbonate.

5.1 Calcination of Magnesite.

5.2 Calcination of Magnesium Hydroxide.

6 Furnaces and Kilns.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Multiple-Hearth Furnaces.

6.3 Horizontal Rotary Kilns.

6.4 External Water Coolers.

6.5 Shaft Kilns.

7 Postcalcination Processing.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Grinding.

8 Physical and Chemical Properties of Magnesium Oxide.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Physical Properties of Magnesium Oxide.

8.3 Chemical Properties of Magnesium Oxide.

8.4 Surface Structures of MgO.

8.5 Molecular Adsorption on MgO.

9 Other Magnesia Products.

9.1 Production of Hard-Burned Magnesia.

9.2 Production of Dead-Burned Magnesia.

9.3 Fused Magnesia.

9.4 Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry.

9.5 Purification by Carbonation of Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry.

10 Water and Wastewater Applications for Magnesia Products.

10.1 Introduction to Applications.

10.2 Industrial Wastewater Treatment.

10.3 Advantages of Magnesium Hydroxide in Wastewater Treatment.

10.4 Adsorption of Dyes on Magnesium Hydroxide.

10.5 Biological Wastewater Treatment.

10.6 Bioflocculation and Solids Settling.

10.7 Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater and Struvite Formation.

10.8 Odor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Collection Systems.

10.9 Acid Mine Drainage.

10.10 Silica Removal from Industrial Plant Water.

11 Magnesia in Polymer Applications.

11.1 Magnesium Hydroxide as a Flame Retardant for Polymer Applications.

11.2 Flame-Retardant Mechanisms.

11.3 Properties Required of Magnesium Hydroxide for Flame-Retardant Applications.

11.4 Novel Applications for Magnesium Hydroxide as a Flame Retardant.

11.5 Polymer Curing and Thickening.

12 Environmental Applications.

12.1 Flue Gas Desulfurization.

12.2 Regenerative Process.

12.3 Remediation Applications.

12.4 Nuclear Waste Disposal.

12.5 Hazardous Spill Cleanup.

12.6 Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Powder.

12.7 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Brucite.

13 Role of Magnesium in Animal, Plant, and Human Nutrition.

13.1 Role of Magnesium in Plant Nutrition.

13.2 Magnesium Fertilizers.

13.3 Magnesium in Animal Nutrition.

13.4 Magnesium in Human Health and Nutrition.

14 Magnesium Salts and Magnesium Metal.

14.1 Magnesium Acetate.

14.2 Magnesium Alkyls.

14.3 Magnesium Chloride.

14.4 Magnesium Nitrate.

14.5 Magnesium Sulfate.

14.6 Magnesium Soaps.

14.7 Magnesium Overbase Sulfonates.

14.8 Magnesium Peroxide.

14.9 Magnesium Metal Production.

15 Pulp Applications.

15.1 Sulfite Pulping.

15.2 Magnefite Pulping Process.

15.3 Pulp Bleaching.

15.4 Deinking.

16 Magnesia Cements.

16.1 Introduction.

16.2 Magnesium Oxychloride Cement.

16.3 Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement.

16.4 Thermal Insulative and Fire Resistance Properties of Sorel Cement.

16.5 Magnesium Phosphate Cement.

17 Miscellaneous Magnesia Applications.

17.1 Sugar Manufacture.

17.2 Chrome Tanning of Leather.

17.3 Magnesia as a Catalyst Support.

17.4 Fuel Additives.

17.5 Well-Drilling Fluids.

17.6 Nanoparticulate Magnesia.

17.7 Transformer Steel Coating.

Appendix.

Index.