Understanding Data Communications: From Fundamentals to Networking, 3rd Edition

Preface xix

Acknowledgements xxi

1 Communications in a Modern Society 1

1.1 Applications 1

1.2 Constraints 16

1.3 Emerging Trends 19

1.4 Review Question s 20

2 Basic Telegraph and Telephone Operations 23

2.1 Evolution of Communications 23

2.2 Telegraphy 24

2.3 Telephony 32

2.4 Review Question s 43

3 Basic Circuit Parameters, Measurement Units and Media Overview 47

3.1 Basic Circuit Parameters 47

3.2 Measurement Units 50

3.3 Media Overview56

3.4 Channel Capacity 67

3.5 Structured Wiring 69

3.6 ReviewQue stions 72

4 Fundamental Data Transmission Concepts 75

4.1 Analog Line Connections 75

4.2 Types of Service and Transmission Devices 84

4.3 Transmission Mode 98

4.4 Transmission Techniques 103

4.5 Types of Transmission 106

4.6 Wide Area Network Transmission Structures 107

4.7 Line Discipline 111

4.8 Transmission Rate 113

4.9 Transmission Codes 115

4.10 Review Questions 122

5 Terminals, Workstations and WAN and LAN Networking Overview 125

5.1 Terminals 126

5.2 Workstations and Other LAN Components 141

5.3 Wide Area Networking Overview 146

5.4 Local Area Networking Overview 152

5.5 Review Question s 157

6 Representative Standards Organizations: the OSI Reference Model 159

6.1 National Standards Organizations 160

6.2 International Standards Organizations 164

6.3 De facto Standards 167

6.4 The OSI Reference Model 171

6.5 IEEE 802 Standards 177

6.6 Review Question s 180

7 The Physical Layer, Cables, Connectors, Plugs and Jacks 183

7.1 DTE/DCE Interfaces 184

7.2 Cables and Connectors 222

7.3 Plugs and Jacks 226

7.4 Review Questions 233

8 Basic Transmission Devices: Line Drivers, Modems, and Service Units 235

8.1 Line Drivers 236

8.2 Modem Operations 243

8.3 Intelligent Modems 289

8.4 Broadband Modems 312

8.5 Service Units 330

8.6 Review Question s 332

9 Regulators and Carriers 335

9.1 Regulators 336

9.2 Carrier Offerings 343

9.3 ATM Overview356

9.4 Review Question s 357

10 Transmission Errors: Causes, Measurements and Correction Methods 359

10.1 Causes of Transmission Errors 359

10.2 Performance Measurements 360

10.3 Error Detection and Correction Techniques 365

10.4 Review Questions 374

11 The WAN Data Link Layer 377

11.1 Terminal and Data Link Protocols: Characteristics and Functions 378

11.2 Types of Protocol 380

11.3 Review Questions 407

12 Increasing WAN Line Utilization 409

12.1 Multiplexers 410

12.2 Control Units 439

12.3 Review Questions 445

13 Local Area Networks 449

13.1 Origin 449

13.2 Comparison with WANs 450

13.3 Utilization Benefits 452

13.4 Technological Characteristics 454

13.5 Ethernet Networks 465

13.6 Token-Ring 504

13.7 Review Questions 528

14 Basic LAN Internetworking 531

14.1 Bridge Operations 531

14.2 The Switching Hub 546

14.3 Router Operations 558

14.4 Review Questions 575

15 Digital Transmission Systems and Equipment 577

15.1 The T and E Carriers 578

15.2 T1 Multiplexers 596

15.3 The T3 Carrier 605

15.4 DDS, ASDS and KiloStream facilities 615

15.5 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 619

15.6 ReviewQue stions 628

16 Network Architecture 631

16.1 SNA Overview632

16.2 Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) 644

16.3 TCP/IP 649

16.4 Internetworking 681

16.5 Review Questions 694

17 Packet Networks 697

17.1 Packet Switching Overview 698

17.2 X.25 Networks 700

17.3 Frame Relay 717

17.4 ReviewQuestio ns 745

18 Communications Software 749

18.1 Terminal Emulation Software Features 749

18.2 Terminal Emulation Program Examination 774

18.3 Web Browsers 783

18.4 ReviewQue stions 789

19 Fiber-Optic, Satellite and Wireless Terrestrial Communications 791

19.1 Fiber-Optic Transmission Systems 792

19.2 Satellite Communications Systems 810

19.3 Wireless Terrestrial Communications 814

19.4 Review Questions 821

20 Evolving Technologies 823

20.1 ATM 823

20.2 The ATM Protocol Stack 825

20.3 ATM Operation 827

20.4 Virtual Private Networking 835

20.5 Review Questions 838

Index 841