Pennak's Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea, 4th Edition

Introduction.

Magnitude of the Freshwater Environment.

The Chemical Divergence.

Origins of the Freshwater Fauna.

Freshwater Emigrants to the Sea.

Major Distinctions Between Marine and FreshwaterInvertebrates.

Evolutionary Shortcomings in Freshwaters.

Atypical Freshwater Habitats.

Dispersal and Barriers.

The Epidemic of Exotics.

Food Webs.

Collecting Ethics.

Comment Porifera.

Cnidaria.

Platyhelminthes.

Nemertea.

Gastrotricha.

Rotifera.

Nematoda.

Nematomorpha.

Tardigrada.

Entoprocta.

Ectoprocta.

Annelida.

Mollusca.

Arachnida.

Introduction to the Crustacea.

Phyllopodous Branchiopoda.

Cladoceran Branchiopoda.

Copepoda.

Branchiura.

Ostracoda.

Minor Malacostraca.

Isopoda.

Amphipoda.

Decapoda.

Appendix: Reagents, Solutions, and Laboratory Items.

Index.