Plant Breeding Reviews, Volume 22

List of Contributors viii

1. Dedication: Denton E. Alexander; Teacher, Maize Geneticist, and Breeder 1
Robert J. Lambert

2. Estimating and Interpreting Heritability for Plant Breeding: An Update 9
James B. Holland, Wyman E. Nyquist, and Cuauhtemoc T. Cervantes-Martínez

I. The Meaning of Heritability 10

II. Response to Selection 12

III. Covariances of Relatives 21

IV. Variance Among Selection Units 25

V. Estimating Heritability as a Function of Variance Components 29

VI. Estimating Heritability from Parent-Offspring Regression 65

VII. Estimating Realized Heritability 69

VIII. Examples of Heritability Estimates 70

Appendices 102

Literature Cited 108

3. Advanced Statistical Methods for Estimating Genetic Variances in Plants 113
Shizhong Xu

I. Introduction 113

II. Genetic Model 118

III. Least Squares Estimation 132

IV. Maximum Likelihood Analysis 138

V. Bayesian Analysis 152

VI. Discussion and Conclusions 157

Literature Cited 161

4. Oil Palm Genetic Improvement 165
A. C. Soh, G. Wong, T. Y. Hor, C. C. Tan, and P. S. Chew

I. Introduction 166

II. Germplasm Resources 169

III. Improvement Objectives 174

IV. Breeding Techniques 180

V. Future Prospects 205

Literature Cited 206

5. Breeding Wheat for Resistance to Insects 221
William A. Berzonsky, Hongjian Ding, Scott D. Haley, Marion O. Harris, Robert J. Lamb, R. I. H. McKenzie, Herbert W. Ohm, Fred L. Patterson, Frank Peairs, David R. Porter, Roger H. Ratcliffe, and Thomas G. Shanower

I. Introduction 222

II. Wheat Stem Sawfly 225

III. Wheat Midge 234

IV. Hessian Fly 247

V. Russian Wheat Aphid 260

VI. Greenbug 270

Literature Cited 278

6. Peanut Breeding and Genetic Resources 297
C. Corley Holbrook and H. Thomas Stalker

I. Introduction 298

II. Evolution and Taxonomy 300

III. Reproductive Development 305

IV. Cytogenetics and Genomes 307

V. Genetic Resources 309

VI. Breeding Peanut 316

VII. Summary 338

Literature Cited 340

7. History and Breeding of Table Beet in the United States 357
I. L. Goldman and J. P. Navazio

I. Introduction 358

II. Crop Origins 359

III. Horticulture of Table Beet 361

IV. Genetics and Breeding 367

V. Breeding Methods 376

VI. Future Directions 384

Literature Cited 386

8. Yeast as a Molecular Genetic System for Improvement of Plant Salt Tolerance 389
Tracie K. Matsumoto, Ray A. Bressan, P. M. Hasegawa, and José M. Pardo

I. Introduction 390

II. Yeast Complementation 394

III. Orthologous Plant and Yeast Genes 398

IV. Similarity of Cellular Salt Tolerance in Plants and Yeast 415

Literature Cited 416

Subject Index 427

Cumulative Subject Index 428

Cumulative Contributor Index 443