Why IPTV?: Interactivity, Technologies, Services

Acknowledgments ix

Preface xi

Chapter 1: Interactive, Personal, IPTV: From TV over Internet andWeb TV to Interactive Video Media 1

Introduction to IPTV 1

The Value Chain 3

Business Models and the Value Chain 5

Interactivity in Reality: The British Red Button 13

How IPTV ServicesWork 16

What is Next for IPTV Users? 21

Shape-Shifting Television: New Media for a New Millennium 23

Project LIVE: Interactive Sports Events 28

Me on TV: Five Minutes of Fame for Everyone with a Mobile Phone 31

Chapter 2: IPTV Standards and Solutions 33

Standardization of IPTV 34

The Open ITPV Forum Architecture 37

The ETSI IPTV Standard 42

Applying Standards to IPTV: An Implementation 49

Chapter 3: The Next-Generation Consumer Electronics and Interactive, Personal, IPTV 53

Home Connectivity: Ethernet,WiFi and Beyond 55

Making Home DevicesWork Together: UPnP and DLNA 58

What is UPnP? 59

Connecting the Home to the Outside: the Home Router 66

The Set-top Box Meets the Internet Model 72

The Browser in the Set-top Box 79

XML and Style Sheets – Format and Structure for Metadata 80

How does the Multimedia Home PlatformWork? 86

Channel Switching 89

Speeding Up Channel Switching 91

IPTV in Japan 92

IPTV in the Mobile 96

Chapter 4: Designing Interactive IPTV Applications 99

Dynamic Creation of Interactive Television 101

Integrating Interaction in the Script 103

Using Profiles to Adapt the Show 105

Design of Interaction Objects 107

How to Handle Colors 109

Generic Interaction Models 110

Designing Menus and Text 113

Testing Interactive Applications 116

Quick and Dirty User Testing 118

Making Mashups in IMS-Controlled Interactive IPTV 119

User-Provided Content 123

Chapter 5: Monetizing IPTV: Advertising and Interaction 127

An IPTV Toolbox for Advertisers 134

The IPTV Advertising Design Project 137

Splicing Advertising into the Media – Or Putting it in the IPTV Set? 139

Inserting Advertising 140

Chapter 6: P2P, TV on theWeb, VoD and (n)PVR 143

Getting Paid for VoD: Advertising 148

Getting Paid for VoD: Charging for the Service 151

User-Provided Content 155

The Network and User-Provided Content 156

Peer-to-Peer Versus Central Server 156

P2P in the European Broadcasting Union and EU 159

Chapter 7: Digital Rights Management and Next-Generation IPTV 163

Exceptions to Copyright 166

Attaching Strings to Copyright Gifts: Creative Commons 168

Legal Constraints on User-Provided Content 171

Digital Rights Management 174

DRM: Simple Philosophy, Complicated Mechanism 175

Standards for DRM 177

Designing Copyright Policy 182

Chapter 8: Identities, Subscriptions, User Profiles and Presence 185

Managing and Federating User Profiles: XDMS and PGM 187

Presence in IMS 187

Presence Data Format, Lists and Profiles 193

The Presence Document 193

Lists in XDMS 199

IPTV Profiles 201

Advertising and Presence 204

Measuring Advertising in IPTV 205

Chapter 9: Beyond the EPG – Metadata in Interactive IPTV 211

Recommender Systems, Social Software, Presence and Personalized EPGs 215

Filtering and Personalizing IPTV Content 218

Metadata Types and Models 219

IPTC News Codes, NewsML and SportsML 220

Dublin Core 222

P/Meta 224

SMPTE Metadata Dictionary, MXF and UMID 224

Metadata and the EPG: TV-Anytime 225

TV-Anytime Document Structure 226

Identifying the Data: the CRID 234

Metadata for Production: MPEG-7 and MPEG-4 237

Drawing Conclusions from Metadata 244

Chapter 10: Protocols for Interaction 253

The HyperText Transfer Protocol 255

HTTP for IPTV Signaling 258

Caching in HTTP 260

Video on Demand: RTSP 265

SIP for IPTV Signaling 273

SIP MESSAGE 277

SIP SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY 279

SDP in SIP and RTSP 281

Chapter 11: Next-Generation IPTV Encoding – MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and beyond 285

Transporting the MPEG Stream 291

RTP 292

MPEG-2 Transport Stream and the MPEG-4 File Format 294

Forward Error Correction 295

Chapter 12: Next-Generation IPTV Networking and Streaming with IMS 297

What is IMS? 301

Registering in IMS 307

How IMS works with SIP 307

SIP INVITE 308

SIP SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY 308

Forking and Redirecting Sessions 308

Identity in IMS: the SIP URI, PUID and PSI 309

SDP 310

Setting Up and Tearing Down the IPTV Multicast 312

IMS Communications Services 314

Handling Quality of Service 317

Service Discovery 320

Control Function 320

NPVR Function 320

Connecting Application Servers: the ISC Interface 325

Chapter 13: Developing and Deploying IPTV 329

It’s life, Jim, but not as we know it 330

Enhancing Voting 331

Automating Scriptwriting 333

Inserting Advertising 336

Personalizing Television 341

Electronic Program Guides 343

Using the IPTV Technology 344

References 349

Index 355