Making Thinking Visible: How to Promote Engagement, Understanding, and Independence for All Learners

List of Figures and Tables ix

DVD Contents xi

Foreword xiii

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xxi

About the Authors xxv

PART ONE Some Thinking about Thinking 1

ONE Unpacking Thinking 3

Beyond Bloom 6

Beyond Memorization, Work, and Activity 8

A Map of Thinking Involved in Understanding 11

Other Kinds of Thinking 14

Uncovering Students’ Thinking About Thinking 15

TWO Putting Thinking at the Center of the Educational Enterprise 23

How Does Visibility Serve Both Learning and Teaching? 27

How Can We Make the Invisible Visible? 30

PART TWO Using Thinking Routines to Make Thinking Visible 41

THREE Introduction to Thinking Routines 43

ThreeWays of Looking at Thinking Routines 45

How Are the Thinking Routines Organized? 49

FOUR Routines for Introducing and Exploring Ideas 53

See-Think-Wonder 55

Zoom In 64

Think-Puzzle-Explore 71

Chalk Talk 78

3–2–1 Bridge 86

Compass Points 93

The Explanation Game 101

FIVE Routines for Synthesizing and Organizing Ideas 109

Headlines 111

CSI: Color, Symbol, Image 119

Generate-Sort-Connect-Elaborate: Concept Maps 125

Connect-Extend-Challenge 132

The 4C’s 140

The Micro Lab Protocol 147

I Used to Think. . . , Now I Think . . . 154

SIX Routines for Digging Deeper into Ideas 163

What Makes You Say That? 165

Circle of Viewpoints 171

Step Inside 178

Red Light, Yellow Light 185

Claim-Support-Question 191

Tug-of-War 199

Sentence-Phrase-Word 207

PART THREE Bringing the Power of Visible Thinking to Life 215

SEVEN Creating a Place Where Thinking Is Valued, Visible, and Actively Promoted 217

Making Room for Reflection 222

Making Time for Our Own Learning 229

The Making of an Elaborated Conversation 234

The Forces That Shape Culture 240

EIGHT Notes from the Field 247

The Challenges of Making Thinking Visible in a Mathematics Class and

Beyond: The Case of Mark Church 250

Content + Routines + Students = A Culture of Thinking: The Case of Sharonne Blum 256

What These Cases Reveal About the Use of Routines 261

Stages of Development in the Use of Thinking Routines 262

Common Pitfalls and Struggles 267

In Conclusion 272

References 275

Index 281

How to Use the DVD 293