Asia's Turning Point: An Introduction to Asia's Dynamic Economies at the Dawn of the New Century

Acknowledgments xiii

Prologue 1

Part 1: Region 5

Chapter 1: The East Asian Miracle in Retrospect 7

Similarity in Diversity 7

Why Rapid Growth? 10

The East Asian Model of Capitalism: An Outline 10

The East Asian Model of Capitalism: How It Worked for Growth 14

The Asian Crisis: The Final Curtain 16

Entering a New Stage 20

Chapter 2: A New Wave of Growth 23

East Asia in the World: Its Present Position 24

Running Fast But Slowing Down 28

Labor and Capital: Inputs and Productivity 29

Growth Drivers on the Demand Side 36

China-led Growth 36

The Growth of Poor Quality: Energy Inefficiency and Environmental Unfriendliness 38

The Impact of the Global Financial Turmoil 40

Concluding Remarks 44

Chapter 3: Structural Transformation: The State 47

The Developmental State is Yesterday 47

 “Less Government, More Market” 49

Industrial Policy: Still There, But… 51

An Emphasis on Upgrading and Innovation 56

Modernizing Agriculture: A New Old Task 57

SOEs and GLCs as Leaders in the Market Economy 60

Concluding Remarks 63

Chapter 4: Structural Transformation: Business 65

Three Big Shifts 65

Ownership Shift 66

Corporate Governance Shift 77

Dominant Shareholders: A New Mentality, a New Mode of Action 81

Concluding Remarks 85

Chapter 5: Structural Transformation: Labor Relations 87

Overview: Directions of Change and New Challenges 87

Evolving Practices and Way of Thinking 88

The Signs of a New HRM System 90

Building Sustainable Labor Relations 92

Concluding Remarks 96

Chapter 6: Regional Integration and Prospects for the East Asian Community 97

The Interdependence of East Asian Economies 98

East Asia’s FTAs 103

Regional Institution Building: ASEAN Plus Three 108

The Creation of the East Asian Community: Dilemmas 111

East Asia’s Integration Pattern: A“Do-What-You-Can-Do” Community 113

Part 2: Nations 115

Chapter 7: China: A New Heavyweight 117

A Few Basics 117

Postwar Development 118

Structural Reforms 122

Present Performance 123

Three Super-Challenges 127

The Upgrading Game 129

Foreign Trade 132

FDI and the Business Environment 135

Concluding Remarks 138

Chapter 8: Hong Kong: Ten Years with China 143

A Few Basics 143

An Historical Perspective 145

Postwar Development 146

Present Performance 146

Foreign Trade 151

FDI and the Business Environment 152

Concluding Remarks 153

Chapter 9: Taiwan: A Center of Advanced Manufacturing 155

A Few Basics 155

Postwar Development 156

Structural Reforms 159

Present Performance 159

Foreign Trade 164

FDI and the Business Environment 165

Concluding Remarks 167

Chapter 10: South Korea Reformed: Challenges for a Newly Developed Nation 169

A Few Basics 169

Postwar Development 170

Structural Reforms 173

Present Performance 175

Foreign Trade 179

FDI and the Business Environment 180

Concluding Remarks 183

Chapter 11: Singapore: Globalized, Entrepreneurial, Diversified 185

A Few Basics 185

Postwar Development 187

Structural Features 190

Present Performance 191

Foreign Trade 196

FDI and the Business Environment 197

Concluding Remarks 198

Chapter 12: Malaysia: Developed by 2020? 201

A Few Basics 201

Postwar Development 203

Structural Reforms 206

Present Performance 207

Foreign Trade 211

FDI and the Business Environment 211

Concluding Remarks 214

Chapter 13: Thailand: Rice Bowl, Regional Factory, and Land of Smiles 215

A Few Basics 215

Postwar Development 216

Structural Reforms 220

Present Performance 221

Foreign Trade 227

Inward FDI and the Business Environment 228

Concluding Remarks 232

Chapter 14: Indonesia: The Start of the Post-Suharto Era 235

A Few Basics 235

Postwar Development 238

Structural Reforms 242

Present Performance 244

Foreign Trade 248

FDI and the Business Environment 250

Concluding Remarks 252

Chapter 15: Philippines: Speeding up at Last 255

A Few Basics 255

Postwar Development 256

Structural Reforms 260

x Asia’s Turning Point

Present Performance 261

Foreign Trade 266

Inward FDI and the Business Environment 266

Concluding Remarks 269

Chapter 16: Vietnam: A New Magnet for Investors? 271

A Few Basics 271

Postwar Development 271

Structural Reforms (The 1990s and the 2000s) 273

Present Performance 275

Foreign Trade 279

FDI and the Business Environment 280

Concluding Remarks 283

Chapter 17: North Korea: Utter Orthodoxy or Attempts to Reform? 285

A Few Basics 285

Postwar Development 286

Structural Reforms 287

Present Performance 290

Foreign Trade 291

FDI and the Business Environment 292

Economic Relations with South Korea 293

Concluding Remarks 294

Chapter 18: The Russian Far East: Yes, It is Also East Asia! 297

A Few Basics 297

The RFE in the Soviet Economy 298

The Market Transition of the 1990s 299

Present Performance 300

Foreign Trade 303

Inward FDI and the Business Environment 304

Concluding Remarks 307

Chapter 19: India: The Next-Door Neighbor Knocking at the Door 309

A Few Basics 309

Postwar Development 311

Structural Reforms 313

Present Performance 314

Foreign Trade 321

FDI and the Business Environment 322

Concluding Remarks 325

Chapter 20: Japan: Forgotten Giant 327

A Few Basics 327

Postwar Development 329

Structural Reforms 334

Present Performance 336

Foreign Trade 343

FDI and the Business Environment 345

Concluding Remarks 348

Epilogue 351

References 355

Index 371