Advanced Wireless Networks: Cognitive, Cooperative and Opportunistic 4G Technology, 2nd Edition

Preface to the Second Edition xix

1 Fundamentals 1

1.1 4G Networks and Composite Radio Environment 1

1.2 Protocol Boosters 7

1.3 Green Wireless Networks 11

References 11

2 Opportunistic Communications 15

2.1 Multiuser Diversity 15

2.2 Proportional Fair Scheduling 16

2.3 Opportunistic Beamforming 19

2.4 Opportunistic Nulling in Cellular Systems 20

2.5 Network Cooperation and Opportunistic Communications 22

2.6 Multiuser Diversity in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 27

2.7 Mobility-Assisted Opportunistic Scheduling (MAOS) 46

2.8 Opportunistic and Cooperative Cognitive Wireless Networks 53

References 70

3 Relaying and Mesh Networks 73

3.1 Relaying Strategies in Cooperative Cellular Networks 73

3.2 Mesh/Relay Networks 85

3.3 Opportunistic Ad Hoc Relaying For Multicast 97

References 107

4 Topology Control 113

4.1 Local Minimum Spanning Tree (LMST) Topology Control 115

4.2 Joint Topology Control, Resource Allocation and Routing 118

4.3 Fault-Tolerant Topology 123

4.4 Topology Control in Directed Graphs 132

4.5 Adjustable Topology Control 138

4.6 Self-Configuring Topologies 143

References 148

5 Adaptive Medium Access Control 157

5.1 WLAN Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function 157

5.2 Adaptive MAC for WLAN with Adaptive Antennas 160

5.3 MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks 166

5.4 MAC for Ad Hoc Networks 174

References 180

6 Teletraffic Modeling and Analysis 183

6.1 Channel Holding Time in PCS Networks 183

References 191

7 Adaptive Network Layer 193

7.1 Graphs and Routing Protocols 193

7.2 Graph Theory 212

7.3 Routing with Topology Aggregation 214

7.4 Network and Aggregation Models 215

References 228

8 Effective Capacity 235

8.1 Effective Traffic Source Parameters 235

8.2 Effective Link Layer Capacity 243

References 254

9 Adaptive TCP Layer 257

9.1 Introduction 257

9.2 TCP Operation and Performance 264

9.3 TCP for Mobile Cellular Networks 268

9.4 Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance 276

9.5 TCP for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 280

References 287

10 Network Optimization Theory 289

10.1 Introduction 289

10.2 Layering as Optimization Decomposition 290

10.3 Crosslayer Optimization 298

10.4 Optimization Problem Decomposition Methods 307

10.5 Optimization of Distributed Rate Allocation for Inelastic Utility Flows 319

10.6 Nonconvex Optimization Problem in Network with QoS Provisioning 323

10.7 Optimization of Layered Multicast by Using Integer and Dynamic Programming 326

10.8 QoS Optimization in Time-Varying Channels 331

10.9 Network Optimization by Geometric Programming 337

10.10 QoS Scheduling by Geometric Programming 340

References 346

11 Mobility Management 351

11.1 Introduction 351

11.2 Cellular Systems with Prioritized Handoff 374

11.3 Cell Residing Time Distribution 383

11.4 Mobility Prediction in Pico- and MicroCellular Networks 388

Appendix: Distance Calculation in an Intermediate Cell 398

References 403

12 Cognitive Radio Resource Management 407

12.1 Channel Assignment Schemes 407

12.2 Dynamic Channel Allocation with SDMA 426

12.3 Packet-Switched SDMA/TDMA Networks 435

12.4 SDMA/OFDM Networks with Adaptive Data Rate 446

12.5 Intercell Interference Cancellation – SP Separability 454

12.6 Intercell Interference Avoidance in SDMA Systems 461

12.7 Multilayer RRM 470

12.8 Resource Allocation with Power Preassignment (RAPpA) 475

12.9 Cognitive and Cooperative Dynamic Radio Resource Allocation 484

Appendix 12A: Power Control, CD Protocol, in the Presence of Fading 494

Appendix 12B: Average Intercell Throughput 498

References 499

13 Ad Hoc Networks 505

13.1 Routing Protocols 505

13.2 Hybrid routing protocol 524

13.3 Scalable Routing Strategies 531

13.4 Multipath Routing 537

13.5 Clustering Protocols 539

13.6 Cashing Schemes for Routing 549

13.7 Distributed QoS Routing 558

References 567

14 Sensor Networks 573

14.1 Introduction 573

14.2 Sensor Networks Parameters 575

14.3 Sensor networks architecture 577

14.4 Mobile Sensor Networks Deployment 587

14.5 Directed Diffusion 590

14.6 Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks 593

14.7 Boundary Estimation 596

14.8 Optimal Transmission Radius in Sensor Networks 602

14.9 Data Funneling 607

14.10 Equivalent Transport Control Protocol in Sensor Networks 610

References 613

15 Security 623

15.1 Authentication 623

15.2 Security Architecture 631

15.3 Key Management 635

15.4 Security management in GSM networks 639

15.5 Security management in UMTS 643

15.6 Security architecture for UMTS/WLAN Interworking 645

15.7 Security in Ad Hoc Networks 647

15.8 Security in Sensor Networks 652

References 654

16 Active Networks 659

16.1 Introduction 659

16.2 Programable Networks Reference Models 661

16.3 Evolution to 4G Wireless Networks 665

16.4 Programmable 4G Mobile Network Architecture 667

16.5 Cognitive Packet Networks 670

16.6 Game Theory Models in Cognitive Radio Networks 675

16.7 Biologically Inspired Networks 682

References 686

17 Network Deployment 693

17.1 Cellular Systems with Overlapping Coverage 693

17.2 Imbedded Microcell in CDMA Macrocell Network 698

17.3 Multitier Wireless Cellular Networks 703

17.4 Local Multipoint Distribution Service 709

17.5 Self-Organization in 4G Networks 713

References 717

18 Network Management 721

18.1 The Simple Network Management Protocol 721

18.2 Distributed Network Management 725

18.3 Mobile Agent-Based Network Management 726

18.4 Ad Hoc Network Management 735

References 743

19 Network Information Theory 747

19.1 Effective Capacity of Advanced Cellular Networks 747

19.2 Capacity of Ad Hoc Networks 761

19.3 Information Theory and Network Architectures 773

19.4 Cooperative Transmission in Wireless Multihop Ad Hoc Networks 780

19.5 Network Coding 787

19.6 Capacity of Wireless Networks Using MIMO Technology 798

19.7 Capacity of Sensor Networks with Many-to-One Transmissions 805

References 809

20 Energy-efficient Wireless Networks 813

20.1 Energy Cost Function 813

20.2 Minimum Energy Routing 815

20.3 Maximizing Network Lifetime 816

20.4 Energy-efficient MAC in Sensor Networks 821

References 823

21 Quality-of-Service Management 827

21.1 Blind QoS Assessment System 827

21.2 QoS Provisioning in WLAN 831

21.3 Dynamic Scheduling on RLC/MAC Layer 835

21.4 QoS in OFDMA-Based Broadband Wireless Access Systems 842

21.5 Predictive Flow Control and QoS 849

References 854

Index 859