Beginning HTML, XHTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Introduction xxi

Chapter 1: Structuring Documents for the Web 1

A Web of Structured Documents 1

Introducing HTML and XHTML 2

Basic Text Formatting 10

Presentational Elements 19

Phrase Elements 23

Lists 30

Editing Text 38

Using Character Entities for Special Characters 39

Comments 40

The <font> Element (Deprecated) 40

Understanding Block and Inline Elements 41

Grouping Elements with <div> and <span> 42

Core Elements and Attributes 45

Attribute Groups 47

Summary 51

Exercises 52

Chapter 2: Links and Navigation 55

Basic Links 55

Understanding Directories and Directory Structures 61

Understanding URLs 62

Creating Links with the <a> Element 66

Advanced E-mail Links 76

Summary 78

Exercises 78

Chapter 3: Images, Audio, and Video 79

Adding Images Using the <img> Element 79

Using Images as Links 88

Image Maps 89

Choosing the Right Image Format 95

Adding Flash, Video, and Audio to Your Web Pages 104

Summary 127

Exercises 128

Chapter 4: Tables 131

Introducing Tables 131

Basic Table Elements and Attributes 139

Adding a <caption> to a Table 151

Grouping Sections of a Table 151

Nested Tables 158

Accessible Tables 160

Summary 164

Exercises 165

Chapter 5: Forms 167

Introducing Forms 168

Creating a Form with the <form> Element 171

Form Controls 175

Creating Labels for Controls and the <label> Element 198

Structuring Your Forms with <fieldset> and <legend> Elements 200

Focus 202

Disabled and Read-Only Controls 205

Sending Form Data to the Server 207

Summary 211

Exercises 212

Chapter 6: Frames 215

Introducing the Frameset 216

When To Use Frames 218

The <frameset> Element 219

The <frame> Element 225

The <noframes> Element 228

Creating Links Between Frames 228

Setting a Default Target Frame Using the <base> Element 230

Nested Framesets 231

Inline or Floating Frames with <iframe> 234

Summary 240

Exercises 240

Chapter 7: Cascading Style Sheets 243

Introducing CSS 244

Where You Can Add CSS Rules 250

CSS Properties 254

Controlling Text 255

Text Formatting 264

Text Pseudo-Classes 273

Selectors 276

Lengths 283

Introducing the Box Model 285

Summary 304

Exercises 304

Chapter 8: More Cascading Style Sheets 307

Links 308

Backgrounds 309

Lists 317

Tables 320

Outlines 328

The :focus and :active Pseudo-Classes 330

Generated Content 331

Miscellaneous Properties 335

Additional Rules 338

Positioning and Layout with CSS 340

Summary 355

Exercises 355

Chapter 9: Page Layout 357

Understanding the Site’s Audience 358

Page Size (and Screen Resolution) 365

Designing Pages 373

Coding Your Design 391

Developing for Mobile Devices 408

Summary 419

Exercises 419

Chapter 10: Design Issues 421

Typography 422

Navigation 440

Tables 454

Forms 456

Summary 479

Exercises 479

Chapter 11: Learning JavaScript 481

What Is Programming About? 482

How to Add a Script to Your Pages 484

The Document Object Model 488

Starting to Program with JavaScript 501

Variables 502

Operators 503

Functions 506

Conditional Statements 508

Looping 511

Events 514

Built-in Objects 516

Writing JavaScript 528

Summary 530

Exercises 531

Chapter 12: Working with JavaScript 533

Practical Tips for Writing Scripts 533

Form Validation 535

Form Enhancements 556

JavaScript Libraries 570

Summary 584

Exercises 585

Chapter 13: Putting Your Site on the Web 587

Meta Tags 588

Testing Your Site 593

Taking the Leap to Live 601

Telling the World about Your Site 607

Understanding Your Visitors 613

What Next? 616

Summary 626

Chapter 14: Checklists 627

Search Engine Optimization Checklist 627

Accessibility Checklist 631

Differences Between HTML and XHTML 635

HTML 5 637

Appendix A: Answers to Exercises 641

Appendix B: XHTML Element Reference 677

Appendix C: CSS Properties 713

Appendix D: Color Names and Values 741

Appendix E: Character Encodings 749

Appendix F: Special Characters 753

Appendix G: Language Codes 767

Appendix H: MIME Media Types 771

Appendix I: Deprecated and Browser - Specific Markup 783

Index 815