Managing and Leading Software Projects

Preface xv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction to Software Project Management, 1

1.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 2

1.3 Why Managing and Leading Software Projects Is Difficult, 2

1.4 The Nature of Project Constraints, 9

1.5 A Workfl ow Model for Managing Software Projects, 13

1.6 Organizational Structures for Software Projects, 16

1.7 Organizing the Project Team, 19

1.8 Maintaining the Project Vision and the Product Vision, 21

1.9 Frameworks, Standards, and Guidelines, 22

1.10 Key Points of Chapter 1, 23

1.11 Overview of the Text, 23

2 Process Models for Software Development 39

2.1 Introduction to Process Models, 39

2.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 42

2.3 A Development-Process Framework, 42

2.4 Tailoring the System Engineering Framework for Software-Only Projects, 52

2.5 Traditional Software Development Process Models, 54

2.6 Iterative-Development Process Models, 58

2.7 Designing an Iterative-Development Process, 72

2.8 The Role of Prototyping in Software Development, 74

2.9 Key Points of Chapter 2, 75

3 Establishing Project Foundations 85

3.1 Introduction to Project Foundations, 85

3.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 86

3.3 Software Acquisition, 87

3.4 Requirements Engineering, 88

3.5 Process Foundations, 109

3.6 Key Points of Chapter 3, 112

4 Plans and Planning 119

4.1 Introduction to the Planning Process, 119

4.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 120

4.3 The Planning Process, 121

4.4 The CMMI-DEV-v1.2 Process Area for Project Planning, 125

4.5 A Minimal Project Plan, 129

4.6 A Template for Software Project Management Plans, 130

4.7 Techniques for Preparing a Project Plan, 150

4.8 Key Points of Chapter 4, 154

5 Project Planning Techniques 173

5.1 Introduction to Project Planning Techniques, 173

5.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 174

5.3 The Scope of Planning, 175

5.4 Rolling-Wave Planning, 175

5.5 Scenarios for Developing a Project Plan, 176

5.6 Developing the Architecture Decomposition View and the Work Breakdown Structure, 177

5.7 Guidelines for Designing Work Breakdown Structures, 182

5.8 Developing the Project Schedule, 188

5.9 Developing Resource Profiles, 193

5.10 Resource-Gantt Charts, 199

5.11 Estimating Project Effort, Cost, and Schedule, 199

5.12 Key Points of Chapter 5, 201

6 Estimation Techniques 207

6.1 Introduction to Estimation Techniques, 207

6.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 208

6.3 Fundamental Principles of Estimation, 209

6.4 Designing to Project Constraints, 214

6.5 Estimating Product Size, 216

6.6 Pragmatic Estimation Techniques, 224

6.7 Theory-Based Estimation Models, 230

6.8 Regression-Based Estimation Models, 234

6.9 Estimation Tools, 249

6.10 Estimating Life Cycle Resources, Effort, and Cost, 249

6.11 An Estimation Procedure, 251

6.12 A Template for Recording Estimates, 256

6.13 Key Points of Chapter 6, 258

7 Measuring and Controlling Work Products 265

7.1 Introduction to Measuring and Controlling Work Products, 265

7.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 268

7.3 Why Measure?, 268

7.4 What Should Be Measured?, 269

7.5 Measures and Measurement, 270

7.6 Measuring Product Attributes, 276

7.7 Measuring and Analyzing Software Defects, 301

7.8 Choosing Product Measures, 309

7.9 Practical Software Measurement, 311

7.10 Guidelines for Measuring and Controlling Work Products, 311

7.11 Rolling-Wave Adjustments Based on Product Measures and Measurement, 313

7.12 Key Points of Chapter 7, 313

8 Measuring and Controlling Work Processes 333

8.1 Introduction to Measuring and Controlling Work Processes, 333

8.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 336

8.3 Measuring and Analyzing Effort, 336

8.4 Measuring and Analyzing Rework Effort, 339

8.5 Tracking Effort, Schedule, and Cost; Estimating Future Status, 342

8.6 Earned Value Reporting, 347

8.7 Project Control Panel, 353

8.8 Key Points of Chapter 8, 357

9 Managing Project Risk 363

9.1 Introduction to Managing Project Risk, 363

9.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 365

9.3 An Overview of Risk Management for Software Projects, 366

9.4 Conventional Project Management Techniques, 369

9.5 Risk Identifi cation Techniques, 373

9.6 Risk Analysis and Prioritization, 381

9.7 Risk Mitigation Strategies, 382

9.8 Top-N Risk Tracking and Risk Registers, 388

9.9 Controlling the Risk Management Process, 392

9.10 Crisis Management, 394

9.11 Risk Management at the Organizational Level, 395

9.12 Joint Risk Management, 396

9.13 Key Points of Chapter 9, 396

10 Teams, Teamwork, Motivation, Leadership, and Communication 407

10.1 Introduction, 407

10.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 408

10.3 Managing versus Leading, 408

10.4 Teams and Teamwork, 410

10.5 Maintaining Morale and Motivation, 417

10.6 Can't versus Won't, 418

10.7 Personality Styles, 420

10.8 The Five-Layer Behavioral Model, 427

10.9 Key Points of Chapter 10, 430

11 Organizational Issues 439

11.1 Introduction to Organizational Issues, 439

11.2 Objectives of This Chapter, 440

11.3 The Infl uence of Corporate Culture, 441

11.4 Assessing and Nurturing Intellectual Capital, 443

11.5 Key Personnel Roles, 444

11.6 Fifteen Guidelines for Organizing and Leading Software Engineering Teams, 449

11.6.3 Summary of the Guidelines, 463

11.7 Key Points of Chapter 11, 464

Glossary of Terms 471

Guidance for Term Projects 481

Index 487