Wireless Broadband Networks

Preface xiii

I Enabling Technologies for Wireless Broadband Networks 1

1 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Other Block-Based Transmissions 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Wireless Communication Systems 3

1.3 Block-Based Transmissions 5

1.4 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Systems 9

1.5 Single-Carrier Cyclic Prefix Systems 11

1.6 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access 12

1.7 Interleaved Frequency-Division Multiple Access 13

1.8 Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access 16

1.9 CP-Based Code Division Multiple Access 17

1.10 Receiver Design 18

Summary 25

Appendix 26

References 27

2 Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Antenna Systems 31

2.1 Introduction 31

2.2 MIMO System Model 32

2.3 Channel Capacity 33

2.4 Diversity 42

2.5 Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing Gain 43

2.6 SIMO Systems 44

2.7 MISO Systems 45

2.8 Space–Time Coding 45

2.9 MIMO Transceiver Design 50

2.10 SVD-Based Eigen-Beamforming 52

2.11 MIMO for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels 52

2.12 Transmitting Diversity for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels 56

2.13 Cyclic Delay Diversity 59

Summary 62

References 62

3 Ultrawideband 65

3.1 Introduction 65

3.2 Time-Hopping Ultrawideband 67

3.3 Direct Sequence Ultrawideband 84

3.4 Multiband 94

3.5 Other Types of UWB 97

Summary 107

References 110

4 Medium Access Control 115

4.1 Introduction 115

4.2 Slotted ALOHA MAC 117

4.3 Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance MAC 119

4.4 Polling MAC 126

4.5 Reservation MAC 127

4.6 Energy-Efficient MAC 132

4.7 Multichannel MAC 139

4.8 Directional-Antenna MAC 141

4.9 Multihop Saturated Throughput of IEEE 802.11 MAC 147

4.10 Multiple-Access Control 156

Summary 161

References 161

5 Mobility Resource Management 165

5.1 Introduction 165

5.2 Types of Handoffs 167

5.3 Handoff Strategies 169

5.4 Channel Assignment Schemes 170

5.5 Multiclass Channel Assignment Schemes 195

5.6 Location Management 218

5.7 Mobile IP 220

5.8 Cellular IP 221

5.9 HAWAII 222

Summary 223

References 224

6 Routing Protocols for Multihop Wireless Broadband Networks 227

6.1 Introduction 227

6.2 Multihop Wireless Broadband Networks: Mesh Networks 227

6.3 Importance of Routing Protocols 230

6.4 Routing Metrics 239

6.5 Classification of Routing Protocols 245

6.6 MANET Routing Protocols 254

Summary 262

References 262

7 Radio Resource Management for Wireless Broadband Networks 267

7.1 Introduction 267

7.2 Packet Scheduling 268

7.3 Admission Control 295

Summary 303

References 304

8 Quality of Service for Multimedia Services 307

8.1 Introduction 307

8.2 Traffic Models 309

8.3 Quality of Service in Wireless Systems 321

8.4 Outage Probability for Video Services in a Multirate DS-CDMA System 326

Summary 336

References 337

II Systems for Wireless Broadband Networks 339

9 Long-Term-Evolution Cellular Networks 341

9.1 Introduction 341

9.2 Network Architecture 343

9.3 Physical Layer 343

9.4 Medium Access Control Scheduling 354

9.5 Mobility Resource Management 361

9.6 Radio Resource Management 362

9.7 Security 363

9.8 Quality of Service 364

9.9 Applications 365

Summary 365

References 366

10 Wireless Broadband Networking with WiMAX 367

10.1 Introduction 367

10.2 WiMAX Overview 367

10.3 Competing Technologies 370

10.4 Overview of the Physical Layer 371

10.5 PMP Mode 374

10.6 Mesh Mode 378

10.7 Multihop Relay Mode 384

Summary 387

References 387

11 Wireless Local Area Networks 391

11.1 Introduction 391

11.2 Network Architectures 393

11.3 Physical Layer of IEEE 802.11n 393

11.4 Medium Access Control 404

11.5 Mobility Resource Management 422

11.6 Quality of Service 425

11.7 Applications 426

Summary 426

References 427

12 Wireless Personal Area Networks 429

12.1 Introduction 429

12.2 Network Architecture 430

12.3 Physical Layer 431

12.4 Medium Access Control 437

12.5 Mobility Resource Management 459

12.6 Routing 460

12.7 Quality of Service 460

12.8 Applications 460

Summary 461

References 461

13 Convergence of Networks 463

13.1 Introduction 463

13.2 3GPP/WLAN Interworking 464

13.3 IEEE 802.11u Interworking with External Networks 467

13.4 LAN/WLAN/WiMax/3G Interworking Based on IEEE 802.21 Media-Independent Handoff 468

13.5 Future Cellular/WiMax/WLAN/WPAN Interworking 471

13.6 Analytical Model for Cellular/WLAN Interworking 474

Summary 478

References 478

Appendix Basics of Probability, Random Variables, Random Processes, and Queueing Systems 481

A.1 Introduction 481

A.2 Probability 481

A.3 Random Variables 483

A.4 Poisson Random Process 486

A.5 Birth–Death Processes 487

A.6 Basic Queueing Systems 489

References 501

Index 503