Applications of High Temperature Superconductors to Electric Power Equipment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

Abbreviations.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction.

CHAPTER 2 HTS Superconductors.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 HTS Background and Nomenclature.

2.2.1 Background.

2.2.2 Nomenclature.

2.3 BSCCO-2212 Conductors.

2.4 BSCCO-2223 OPIT Wires.

2.4.1 Manufacturing Process.

2.4.2 Characteristics - Electrical and Mechanical.

2.5 YBCO-123 Coated Conductors.

2.6 Magnesium Diboride (MgB2).

2.7 State-of-the-art of Various HTS Conductors.

2.8 Superconducting Magnet Design.

2.9 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 3 Cooling and Thermal Insulation Systems.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Anatomy of a Cryostat.

3.3 Cryogenic Fluids for Cooling HTS Magnets.

3.4 Direct Cooling with Cryogens.

3.5 Indirect or Conduction Cooling.

3.6 Refrigeration Systems.

3.6.1 Gifford-McMahon (G-M) Cryocoolers.

3.6.2 Stirling Coolers.

3.6.3 Pulse Tube Coolers.

3.7 Open Loop Cooling with Liquid Nitrogen.

3.8 Magnet Materials.

3.9 Current Leads.

3.9.1 Design of Conduction Cooled Leads.

3.10 Example Cryostat Design.

3.10.1 Configuration.

3.10.2 Thermal Load Calculations.

3.10.2.1 Radiation Thermal Load Through MLI.

3.10.3 Current Leads.

3.10.4 Conduction.

3.10.5 Selection of Refrigerator.

3.11 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 4 Rotating AC Machines.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Topology.

4.3 Analysis and Parameter Calculations.

4.3.1 Magnetic Circuit and Harmonic Components.

4.3.2 Parameter Calculations.

4.3.3 Machine Terminal Parameters.

4.4 Design.

4.4.1 Stator Winding Design Issues.

4.4.2 Field Winding Design Issues.

4.4.3 Electromagnetic (EM) Shield Design Issues.

4.4.4 Loss and Efficiency Calculations.

4.4.5 Example Design.

4.5 Manufacturing Issues.

4.5.1 Superconducting Field Winding and Its Cooling Systems.

4.5.2 Torque Transfer from Col Field Winding to Warm Shaft.

4.5.3 Stator Winding.

4.6 Simulation.

4.7 Generators.

4.7.1 High Speed Generators.

4.7.2 Low Speed Generators.

4.8 Motors.

4.8.1 High Speed Motors.

4.8.2 Low Speed Motors.

4.9 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 5 Rotating DC Homoploar Machines.

5.1 Introduction.

5.5 Principle.

5.3 Configuration.

5.4 Design Challenges.

5.5 Prototypes.

5.6 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 6 Synchronous AC Homoploar Machines.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Principle.

6.3 Design.

6.4 Design Challenges.

6.5 Prototypes.

6.6 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 7 Transformers.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Configuration.

7.3 Design Analysis.

7.3.1 50MVA Example Design.

7.4 Challenges.

7.5 Manufacturing Issues.

7.6 Prototypes.

7.7 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 8 Fault Current Limiters.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Principle and Configuration.

8.2.1 Resistive Fault Current Limiters (R-FCL).

8.2.2 Inductive FCL with Shielded Iron Core.

8.2.3 Inductive FCL with Saturated Iron Core.

8.3 Design Analysis.

8.3.1 Example Design - Resistive FCL.

8.3.2 Example Design - Saturated Core FCL.

8.4 Challenges.

8.4.1 Challenges of Resistive FCL.

8.4.2 Challenges of Inductive FCL.

8.5 Manufacturing Issues.

8.6 Prototypes.

8.6.1 AMSC’s Fault Current Limiter.

8.6.2 Superpower’s Fault Current Limiter.

8.6.3 Zenergy Power’s Fault Current Limiter.

8.6.4 Nexans’s Fault Current Limiter.

8.7 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 9 Power Cables.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Configurations.

9.2.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable.

9.2.2 HTS Cables.

9.3 Design Analysis.

9.3.1 Cryogenic Cable Analysis.

9.3.2 HTS Cable Analysis.

9.3.2.1 HTS Coaxial Cable - High Voltage.

9.3.2.2 HTS Coaxial Cable - Medium Voltage.

9.3.2.3 TriaxTM HTS Cable - Medium Voltage.

9.4 Challenges.

9.4.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable.

9.4.2 HTS Cable.

9.5 Manufacturing Issues.

9.5.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable.

9.5.2 HTS Cable.

9.6 Prototypes.

9.6.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable.

9.6.2 HTS Cable - High Voltage.

9.6.3 HTS Cable - Medium Voltage.

9.6.4 TriaxTM HTS Cable - Medium Voltage.

9.7 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 10 Maglev Transport.

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Configuration.

10.2.1 Electro-dynamic Suspension (EDS).

10.2.2 Electro-magnetic Suspension (EMS) .

10.3 Design Analysis.

10.3.1 Electro-dynamic Suspension Maglev.

10.3.2 Electro-magnetic Suspension Maglev.

10.4 Challenges (Technical/Economic).

10.4.1 EDS System Challenges.

10.4.2 EMS System Challenges.

10.5 Manufacturing Issues.

10.6 Prototypes.

10.6.1 Northrop Grumman Concept.

10.7 Summary.

References.

CHAPTER 11 Other Applications of HTS.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Air-Core Magnets.

11.2.1 High Field Magnets.

11.2.2 Low Field Magnets.

11.3 Iron-Core Magnets.

11.3.1 Beam Bending.

11.3.2 Induction Heating.

11.3.3 Synchrotron.

11.4 Challenges.

11.5 Summary.

About the Author.

INDEX.