The Web's Awake: An Introduction to the Field of Web Science and the Concept of Web Life

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

Prologue.

CHAPTER 1 THE WEB AND LIFE.

Introduction.

Almost None of This Is New.

Where to Begin?—Web Misconceptions and Folklore.

Our Understandings of the Web.

Power of the People.

The Dark Side of the Force.

What Would a Web Be Without the Holes?

Structure Abounds.

Four Dimensions Are Not Enough.

Our Understandings of Life.

Life’s Playground—A Universe of Infinite Possibilities.

Enquiries into the Definition of Life.

More Contemporary Viewpoints on Life.

CHAPTER 2 THE SPECTRUM OF COMPLEXITY.

A Complex Web.

The Natural Mix of Order and Disorder.

Emergence—The Complexity Sweet Spot.

Mankind, Complexity, and Our Attempts to Understand the Unreal.

Could You Repeat That Please?

Self-Similarity and Recursion.

Back to Measures of Complexity.

The Theory of Complexity.

The Crossover Between Orderly and Chaotic Systems.

Onwards to Chaos.

Modern-Day Approaches to Complexity.

CHAPTER 3 THE IMPORTANCE OF DISCRETENESS AND SYMMETRY IN SYSTEMS.

Let’s Be Discrete.

A Brief Word of Warning.

Boiling the Numbers Out of Computing.

The Power of Two.

Let’s Split the Difference.

Symmetry in Systems.

CHAPTER 4 NATURAL STRUCTURES FOR MAN-MADE MACHINES— CURVATURE IN INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION.

Engineering Problems.

Arrows Everywhere—Graph Theory and Feynman-Like Diagrams.

Relays and Switches by Any Other Name.

Differentiation Through Divergence.

Relationships and Twisting Sequences.

Growth Spirals, Fibonacci Progressions, and Other Sequential Patterns.

L-Systems.

Information Compression and Maximization in Biological Systems.

Degrees of Freedom and Information Representation in Biological Systems.

A More Detailed Account of DNA’s Structure.

More Evidence of Efficiency at Play in DNA and Higher Levels of Physiology.

Books, Bytes, Computers, and Biological Systems—An Analogy.

CHAPTER 5 POSITIONAL INFORMATION AND SCALE-FREE NETWORKS.

A Right Place for Everything.

What Is Information Anyway?

A Bow to Tie Coincidence Together.

Why Is Kevin Bacon so Important?

Scale-Free Networks.

The Web’s Body Mass.

DNA as an Ontogenetic Database.

Back to Gödel—Compression, Keys, Catalysts, and Restrictors.

CHAPTER 6 EVOLUTION THROUGH ENGINEERING.

Some Key Questions Still Remain.

Memes and Universal Darwinism.

Boolean Logic, Regulatory Networks, and New Forms of Life.

Binary Biological Machines.

nK Networks.

“X” as a Canonical Super Pattern.

Autocatalytic Sets.

CHAPTER 7 A LESS-THAN-SIMPLE MATTER OF BOUNDLESS ORGANICS.

Open Worlds, Feedback, and Critical Self-Organization.

Gödel, Incompleteness, and Maintenance Through Changing Boundaries.

An Abstractionless Universe.

Self-Sustaining, Self-Organizing Systems.

CHAPTER 8 EMERGENT INTELLIGENCE AND POSTHUMAN CONCEPTS.

Why on the Web?

Technology Lock-In.

Swarm Behavior.

Artificial Life.

The Swarm Being that Is the Web.

The Web’s Core Memory and Its Place in Information Value.

The Apparent Failure of Artificial Intelligence.

Posthuman Philosophies and Collective Consciousness.

The Penrose Paradox.

CHAPTER 9 THE PHYSICS OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTING.

The Attraction of “Why” and the Ubiquity of Complexity as a Metaproperty.

Spin Glass.

Quantum Comparisons.

More about Dimensions.

Strange Loops, Spin Networks, and Problems with the Web’s Constitution.

Computational Duality.

The Web’s Superposition.

Could Penrose Be Right After All?

Quantum Brains.

One Big Spiny String Thing.

Quantum Darwinism.

CHAPTER 10 COUNTER ARGUMENTS.

All Those Against.

Computing the Incomputable.

Observation and Practicality in Computation.

Spaceships Can Come in Handy.

When Is a Curve not a Curve, When Is a Brain not a Brain?

A Matter of What, not How.

CHAPTER 11 OBJECTIVE OPINIONS.

Opinions of the Uber-Geeks.

Are We Right to Talk about a Global “Brain”?

Over the Horizon.

A Final Sprinkle of Philosophy.

APPENDIX A AN OUTLINE OF THE SEMANTIC WEB AND ITS POTENTIAL FOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.

Blue Chips.

Semantic Web Technologies Make the Web’s Meaning Much More Specific.

Autonomic Systems and Software Engineering.

The Future of Software Engineering Lies with Discovery.

Smushing.

Runtime Autonomic Semantic Applications.

StumbleUpon.

APPENDIX B BEYOND THE SEMANTIC WEB.

Overlaps.

A Semantic Web Primer for Object-Oriented Software Practitioners.

References.

Index.

About the Author.