Elements of Tidal-Electric Engineering

Acknowledgments.

1 Historical Development.

2 Tidal Phenomenon.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Ocean Tides.

2.3 Types of Tides.

2.4 Propagation of Tides in Estuaries.

2.5 Coriolis Effect.

2.6 Barrage Effects.

3 Tidal Power Potential and Site Selection.

3.1 Hydroelectric Versus Tidal-Electric Developments.

3.2 Site Potential Estimation.

3.3 Coeffi cient of the Tide.

3.4 Major Factors Infl uencing Project Economics.

3.5 Site Selection.

4 Management and Organization of Investigations.

4.1 Management.

4.2 Organization.

4.3 Feasibility Studies.

5 Tidal Power Schemes and Modes of Operation.

5.1 Single-Basin Development, Single-Effect Mode of Operation.

5.2 Single-Basin Development, Double-Effect Mode of Operation.

5.3 Pumping to Augment Tidal-Effect.

5.4 Linked-Basin Developments.

5.5 Paired-Basin Developments.

5.6 Retiming of Tidal Energy.

6 Basic Data.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 General Physiography of the Estuary.

6.3 Geology.

6.4 Tides.

6.5 Waves.

6.6 Tidal Currents.

6.7 Suspended and Mobile Sediments.

6.8 Ecosystem Characteristics.

7 Hydraulic and Numerical Models in Feasibility Investigations.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Hydraulic Models.

7.3 Numerical Models for Estuaries.

7.4 Hybrid Models.

7.5 Modeling of Barrier Effects.

7.6 Mathematical Model for Closure Activities.

7.7 Utility System Planning and Simulation.

8 Civil Works for Tidal Power Development.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Dry Versus Wet Construction.

8.3 Design Parameters.

8.4 Caisson Design.

8.5 Dikes.

8.6 Construction Schedules.

9 Electromechanical Equipment for a Tidal Plant.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Specifi c Requirements for Tidal Generating Equipment.

9.3 Types of Turbines.

9.4 Generators.

9.5 Electrical Equipment.

9.6 Transmission.

10 Optimization of Plant Output.

10.1 Principal Variables.

10.2 Energy Production and Optimization.

10.3 Simulation of Operation.

10.4 Development of Models.

10.5 Plant Optimization.

11 Integration of Output with Electric Utility Systems.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Absorption of Raw Tidal Energy.

11.3 Enhancing Raw Tidal Energy Output.

11.4 System Considerations.

12 Economic Evaluation.

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Economic Cost Parameters.

12.3 Economic Analysis.

12.4 Sensitivity Analysis.

12.5 Risk Assessment.

13 Social and Regional Impacts.

14 Environmental Aspects.

14.1 Unique Effects.

14.2 Agricultural Aspects.

14.3 Floods and Drainage.

14.4 Birds.

14.5 Fish and Fisheries.

14.6 Recreation and Tourism.

14.7 Transportation.

14.8 Summary.

15 Existing Tidal-Electric Developments.

15.1 La Rance Tidal-Electric Plant.

15.2 Jiangxia Tidal-Electric Plant.

15.3 Kislaya Guba Experimental Plant.

15.4 Annapolis Tidal-Electric Plant.

16 Potential Developments.

16.1 Argentina.

16.2 Australia.

16.3 Brazil.

16.4 Canada.

16.5 Canada–United States.

16.6 China.

16.7 France.

16.8 India.

16.9 Korea.

16.10 Mexico.

16.11 Russian Federation.

16.12 United Kingdom.

16.13 United States.

Appendix A: Tidal Generation Optimization Models.

Glossary of Terms.

References.

Bibliography.

Index.