Suicide Terror: Understanding and Confronting the Threat

Acknowledgments.

Contributors.

INTRODUCTION: OVERVIEW AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE WEAPON (Ophir Falk).

Background.

Defining the Threat.

Definition Criteria.

Proposed Definitions.

Analyses of Data.

Overview.

Endnotes.

1 THE GLOBAL JIHAD (Henry Morgenstern).

Introduction: Where Is the Jihad Today?

Do We Need to Know Why?

The Meaning of Jihad for the Jihadists (Mujahedeen).

The Origins and Evolution of the Global Jihad.

Osama bin Laden and Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri—The Al-Qaeda View of the Jihad.

Support for the Global Jihad.

Seminal Ideas and Movements that Have Led to the Global Jihad.

Tauhid—The Oneness of God.

Takfir.

Jihad.

Jahaliyyah.

The Spread of the Jihad Across the World.

Case Study of Jihad Development: Egypt.

The Jihad in the United States.

Toward a Legal Definition of Terrorism in the United States.

Financing and Organization.

The Jihad: Version 2.0.

The Jihad’s Virtual 007.

Real-Time Threat Example.

Understanding Techno-Intelligence Signatures.

Internet Activity and Terrorist Finance—Synergy in Cyberspace.

The Global Jihad Has a New Home Base—The Internet.

Conclusions.

Appendix 1: Internet Sites and the Global Jihad.

Appendix 2: Incidents in the United States since 9/11.

Endnotes.

2 ISRAEL’S CONFRONTATION WITH SUICIDE TERRORISM (Amir Kulick).

Background.

Arab–Israeli Conflict.

The First Circle: The Palestinian Suicide Bomber and His Motives.

The Second Circle: The Organizational Wrapping.

The Third Circle: The Social Wrapping.

How Has Israel Confronted Suicide Terrorism?

The Prevention Circle.

The Delay Circle.

The Consequence Mitigation Circle.

The Intelligence Level.

The Intelligence Challenge in the War on Suicide Terrorism.

Israeli Intelligence.

The Operational Level.

The Evolution of Israel’s Responses to Suicide Terrorism—A Brief Historic Review.

The Israeli Methods of Action.

Targeted Killing.

Passive Measures.

Public Resilience.

Deterring Suicide Bombers.

Relevant Lessons for American Law Enforcement.

Key Lessons Learned—Operative Level.

Specific Lessons—Operational-Tactical Level.

Summary and Conclusions.

Endnotes.

3 THE EAGLE AND THE SNAKE: AMERICA’S EXPERIENCE WITH SUICIDE BOMBINGS (Yaron Schwartz).

The Origins of Suicide Attacks Against the United States.

Suicide Bombings in Iraq.

The Insurgency: Who, Why, When, and How.

The Role of Suicide Bombings.

Assessing the Surge.

The Impact of Iraq and Its Lessons.

Future Threats and Suicide Terrorism.

Endnotes.

Bibliograhy.

4 THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SUICIDE TERRORISM (Ophir Falk and Hadas Kroitoru).

Lebanon.

Hezbollah.

Hezbollah’s International Reach.

The Iran–Hezbollah–al-Qaeda Connection.

Hezbollah’s Direct Threat to U.S. Homeland.

Sri Lanka.

A History of Conflict.

The Tamil Tigers and Suicide Terrorism.

Consequences and Counterterrorism Efforts.

Israel.

Historical Background.

A Decade and a Half of Suicide Terrorism.

Misconceptions.

From Deterrence to Prevention and Preemption.

Relevance to U.S. Homeland Security.

Operational Lessons.

India.

History of Conflict.

India’s Experience with Suicide Terrorism.

Turkey.

Civil War and Civil Strife: The PKK’s Answer to the "Kurdish Question".

Turkey’s Experience with Suicide Terror.

Islamic Groups Step Up to the Plate.

Turkish Counterterrorism Tactics.

Lessons from Turkey’s Experience with Suicide Terrorism.

Al-Qaeda.

Establishing the "Base".

Al-Qaeda Organization: Affiliates and Networks.

Al-Qaeda Attacks.

Al-Qaeda in Europe.

Al-Qaeda in Southeast Asia.

Consequences and Counterterrorism.

The Future of al-Qaeda.

Chechnya.

History of Conflict.

Chechen Separatists and Suicide Terrorism.

Consequences and Counterterrorism.

Summary and Conclusions—The Internationalization of Suicide Terrorism.

Endnotes.

5 HIGH-RISK SCENARIOS AND FUTURE TRENDS (Ophir Falk).

Scenario No. 1: Cyber and Physical Attack on Energy Distribution Systems.

Description of Scenario.

Vulnerability.

Consequence.

Means of Mitigation.

Scenario No. 2: Attacks on and by Civilian Aircraft—Back to the Future.

Description of Scenario.

Vulnerability.

Consequence.

Means of Mitigation.

Prosperity or Security in the Maritime Trade.

Scenario No. 3: Dirty Bomb in Maritime Container.

Description of Scenario.

Vulnerability.

Consequence.

Means of Mitigation.

Scenario No. 4: Blocking World Oil Transit by Sea (Ofer Israeli).

Description of Scenario.

Vulnerability.

Consequence.

Means of Mitigation.

Scenario No. 5: PC Doomsday.

Description of Scenario.

Vulnerability.

Consequence.

Means of Mitigation.

Scenario No. 6: Suicide Terrorist Attack on Subway Followed by a Suicide Terrorist Attack on Premises of a Level I Trauma Center (Shmuel C. Shapira).

Description of Scenario.

Vulnerability.

Consequence.

Means of Mitigation.

Future Trends.

Endnotes.

6 METHODS FOR CONFRONTING SUICIDE TERROR (William Cooper).

Detection of Key Terrorist Activities.

The Suicide Bomber.

Detection of Terrorist Recruitment in the Community.

Identifying Safe Houses and Planning Centers.

Terrorist Means of Communication.

Identifying Terrorist Transportation.

Identifying Terrorist Financing.

Identifying Paper Falsification.

Land Attack Characteristics.

Sea Attack Characteristics.

Air Attack Characteristics.

The Public and the Battle Against Terrorism.

Legislation in the Battle Against Terrorism.

Negotiation Tactics to Use in Incidents of Terror.

Rules of Engagement.

Response to Suicide/Homicide Bombers.

Patrol Level Response.

Operational Philosophy.

Endnotes.

7 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SUICIDE TERRORISM (Shmuel C. Shapira and Leonard A. Cole).

Explosives.

Effects and Management of Suicide Terrorism.

Preparing for Suicide Terror Mass Casualty Incidents.

Mass Casualty Incident Management.

Pre-Hospital Management, Short Term.

Pre-Hospital Management, Prolonged Term.

Hospital Management of Suicide Terrorism.

Conclusion.

Endnotes.

Index.