The Foundations of Mathematics

Chapter 1: LANGUAGE, LOGIC, AND SETS
1.1 Logic and Language
1.2 Implication
1.3 Quantifiers and Definitions
1.4 Introduction to Sets
1.5 Introduction to Number Theory
1.6 Additional Set Theory
Definitions from Chapter 1
Algebraic and Order Properties of Number Systems

Chapter 2: PROOFS
2.1 Proof Format I: Direct Proofs
2.2 Proof Format II: Contrapositive and Contradition
2.3 Proof Format III: Existence, Uniqueness, Or
2.4 Proof Format IV: Mathematical Induction
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
2.5 Further Advice and Practice in Proving
Proof Formats

Chapter 3: FUNCTIONS
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Composition, One-to-One, Onto, and Inverses
3.3 Images and Pre-Images of Sets
Definitions from Chapter 3

Chapter 4: RELATIONS
4.1 Relations
4.2 Equivalence Relations
4.3 Partitions and Equivalence Relations
4.4 Partial Orders
Definitions from Chapter 4

PART II

Chapter 5: INFINTE SETS
5.1 The Sizes of Sets
5.2 Countable Sets
5.3 Uncountable Sets
5.4 The Axiom of Choice and Its Equivalents
Definitions from Chapter 5

Chapter 6: INTRODUCTION TO DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
6.1 Graph Theory
6.2 Trees and Algorithms
6.3 Counting Principles I
6.4 Counting Principles II
Definitions from Chapter 6

Chapter 7: INTRODUCTION TO ABSTRACT ALGEBRA
7.1 Operations and Properties
7.2 Groups
Groups in Geometry
7.3 Rings and Fields
7.4 Lattices
7.5 Homomorphisms
Definitions from Chapter 7

Chapter 8: INTRODUCTION TO ANALYSIS
8.1 Real Numbers, Approximations, and Exact Values
Zeno’s Paradoxes
8.2 Limits of Functions
8.3 Continuous Functions and Counterexamples
Counterexamples in Rational Analysis
8.4 Sequences and Series
8.5 Discrete Dynamical Systems
The Intermediate Value Theorem
Definitions for Chapter 8

Chapter 9: METAMATHEMATICS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
9.1 Metamathematics
9.2 The Philosophy of Mathematics
Definitions for Chapter 9

Appendix: THE GREEK ALPHABET
Answers: SELECTED ANSWERS

Index
List of Symbols