Simplified Design of Concrete Structures, 8th Edition

Preface to the Eighth Edition xi

Preface to the First Edition xv

Introduction 1

1 Structural Use of Concrete 10

1.1 Concrete as a Structural Material 10

1.2 Common Forms of Concrete Structures 11

1.3 Primary Situations for Investigation and Design 13

1.4 Materials and Nature of Structural Concrete 14

1.5 Significant Properties of Concrete 18

1.6 Reinforcement 22

1.7 Prestressed Concrete 26

1.8 Design of Concrete Mixes 30

1.9 Special Concretes 31

2 Considerations for Production of Concrete 33

2.1 General Concerns for Concrete 33

2.2 Concerns for Structural Concrete 34

2.3 Sitecast Concrete 35

2.4 Design and Production Controls 38

2.5 Inspection and Testing 39

2.6 Installation of Reinforcement 41

2.7 Precast Concrete 42

2.8 Mixed Systems: Sitecast and Precast 47

2.9 Concrete Masonry 48

3 General Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Structures 50

3.1 Code and Industry Standards 50

3.2 Practical Considerations 51

3.3 Control of Cracking 55

3.4 General Requirements for Steel Reinforcement 56

4 Investigation and Design of Reinforced Concrete 59

4.1 Situations for Investigation and Design 59

4.2 Methods of Investigation and Design 61

4.3 The Stress Method 62

4.4 The Strength Method 62

4.5 Investigation of Columns and Beams 63

4.6 Investigation of Column and Beam Frames 72

4.7 Approximate Investigation of Indeterminate Structures 78

5 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 83

5.1 Limit States Versus Service Conditions 83

5.2 Loads for Design 84

5.3 Resistance Factors 85

5.4 Strength Design Processes 86

6 Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members 87

6.1 General Flexural Actions 87

6.2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams 88

6.3 Investigation and Design for Flexure 90

6.4 Beams in Sitecast Systems 101

6.5 T-Beams 104

6.6 Beams with Compression Reinforcement 110

6.7 Spanning Slabs 117

6.8 Deflection Control 122

7 Shear in Concrete Structures 125

7.1 General Concerns for Shear 125

7.2 Shear in Beams 126

7.3 Shear Reinforcement for Beams 127

7.4 Design for Beam Shear 133

8 Anchorage and Development of Reinforcement 142

8.1 Development of Stress in Tension Reinforcement 143

8.2 Hooks 146

8.3 Bar Development in Continuous Beams 148

8.4 Splices in Reinforcement 149

8.5 Development of Compressive Reinforcement 150

8.6 Developed Anchorage for Frame Continuity 153

9 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 154

9.1 Slab and Beam Systems 155

9.2 General Considerations for Beams 162

9.3 Other Flat-Spanning Systems 167

9.4 Design Aids 178

10 Concrete Columns 180

10.1 Effects of Compression Force 180

10.2 Reinforcement for Columns 182

10.3 Types of Columns 184

10.4 General Requirements for Columns 186

10.5 Combined Compression and Bending 187

10.6 Considerations for Column Shape 189

10.7 Columns in Sitecast Frames 191

10.8 Multistory Columns 192

10.9 Design Methods and Aids 194

10.10 Approximate Design of Tied Columns 195

10.11 Round Columns 202

10.12 Special Concerns for Concrete Columns 204

10.13 Vertical Concrete Compression Elements 205

10.14 Concrete Masonry Columns and Piers 208

11 Column and Beam Frames 210

11.1 Two-Dimensional Frames 211

11.2 Three-Dimensional Frames 212

11.3 Mixed Frame and Wall Systems 214

11.4 Special Problems of Concrete Framed Bents 217

12 Concrete Walls 221

12.1 Sitecast Walls: General Concerns 221

12.2 Concrete Bearing Walls 223

12.3 Concrete Basement Walls 226

12.4 Concrete Shear Walls 230

12.5 Precast Concrete Walls 230

12.6 Concrete Masonry Walls 231

13 Foundations 233

13.1 General Concerns for Foundations 234

13.2 Soil Conditions Related to Foundation Design 235

13.3 Foundation Design: Criteria and Process 237

13.4 Shallow Bearing Foundations 238

13.5 Wall Footings 240

13.6 Column Footings 249

13.7 Special Column Footings 258

13.8 Pedestals 259

13.9 Foundation Walls and Grade Beams 266

13.10 Deep Foundations 270

14 Miscellaneous Concrete Structures 277

14.1 Paving Slabs 277

14.2 Framed Floors on Grade 280

14.3 Cantilever Retaining Walls 281

14.4 Abutments 291

15 General Considerations for Building Structures 296

15.1 Choice of Building Construction 296

15.2 Structural Design Standards 297

15.3 Loads for Structural Design 298

15.4 Dead Loads 298

15.5 Building Code Requirements for Structures 301

15.6 Live Loads 303

15.7 Lateral Loads (Wind and Earthquake) 306

15.8 Load Combinations 310

15.9 Determination of Design Loads 310

15.10 Structural Planning 312

15.11 Building Systems Integration 313

15.12 Economics 313

16 Building Structures: Design Examples 316

16.1 Building One: General Considerations 317

16.2 Building One: Support and Site Structures 317

16.3 Building Two: General Considerations 326

16.4 Building Two: Design for Gravity Loads 326

16.5 Building Two: Design for Lateral Loads 329

16.6 Building Two: Alternative Structure 340

16.7 Building Three: Alternative Structure One 341

16.8 Building Three: Alternative Structure Two 344

16.9 Building Three: Alternative Structure Three 348

16.10 Building Four: General Considerations 349

16.11 Building Four: Concrete and Masonry Structure 353

16.12 Building Four: Design for Lateral Loads 359

16.13 Building Four: All-Concrete Structure 361

16.14 Building Five: General Considerations 364

16.15 Building Five: Masonry and Frame Structure 368

16.16 Building Five: The Concrete Structure 374

16.17 Building Five: Alternative Floor Structure 398

Glossary 401

Study Aids 405

Terms 405

Questions 408

Answers to Questions 411

Answers to Exercise Problems 415

References 419

Index 421