Analytical Instrumentation: A Guide to Laboratory, Portable and Miniaturized Instruments

Preface.

Acknowledgements.

Acronyms and Abbreviations.

1. Introduction.

1.1 The Analytical Scientist.

1.2 The Analytical Process.

1.3 Analytical Instrumentation.

1.4 Choosing the Right Instrument.

References.

SECTION I. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION.

2. Spectrometric Instruments.

2.1 Molecular Spectrometry.

2.1.1 Ultraviolet, Visible and Near Infrared.

2.1.2 Infrared and Raman.

2.1.3 Luminescence.

2.1.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

2.1.5 Mass Spectrometry.

2.2 Atomic Spectrometry.

2.2.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry.

2.2.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry.

2.2.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry.

References.

3. Separation Instruments.

3.1 Gas Chromatography.

3.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

3.3 Ion Chromatography.

3.4 Capillary Electrophoresis.

3.5 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.

3.6 Hyphenated (Hybrid) Instruments.

3.6.1 Hyphenated Gas Chromatography Techniques.

3.6.2 Hyphenated Liquid Chromatography Techniques.

3.6.3 Hyphenated Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques.

References.

4. Imaging Instruments.

4.1 Optical Microscopy.

4.2 Confocal Microscopy.

4.3 Electron Microscopy.

4.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy.

4.3.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy.

4.4 Scanning Probe Microscopy.

4.4.1 Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy.

4.4.2 Atomic Force Microscopy.

4.5 Spectral Imaging.

References.

5. Electrochemical Instruments.

5.1 Potentiometry.

5.2 Voltammetry.

5.3 Conductimetry.

References.

6. Other Instruments.

6.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis.

6.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

6.3 X-ray Diffraction.

References.

SECTION II. PORTABLE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION.

The Drive for Portable Analytical Instruments.

7. Portable Instruments in the Laboratory.

7.1 Spectrometric Instruments.

7.2 Separation Instruments.

7.3 Imaging Instruments.

7.4 Electrochemical Instruments.

References.

8. Portable Instruments in Various Applications.

8.1 Medical Applications.

8.1.1 Point-of-Care Technology.

8.1.2 Blood Glucose Testing.

8.1.3 Blood Coagulation Monitoring.

8.1.4 Other Point-of-Care Devices.

8.2 Environmental Applications.

8.2.1 Field Devices.

8.2.2 Water Quality Monitoring.

8.2.3 Soil and Sediment Testing.

8.2.4 Air Monitoring.

8.3 Security and Defence Applications.

8.4 Other Applications.

References.

SECTION III. PROCESS ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION.

The Drive for Process Analysis.

References.

9. Process Analytical Instrumentation in Industry.

9.1 In-Process Sampling.

9.2 In-Process Analysis.

9.2.1 Flow Injection Analysis.

9.2.2 Spectroscopic Analysis.

9.2.3 Separation Analysis.

9.2.4 Imaging Analysis.

9.2.5 Electrochemical Analysis.

9.3 Laboratory Integrated Management Systems.

References.

SECTION IV. MINIATURISED ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION.

The Drive for Miniaturised Analytical Instrumentation.

References.

10. Chip-based Instrumentation.

10.1 The Development of Chip-based Analytical Devices.

10.2 Challenges for Chip-based Analytical Devices.

10.2.1 Moving and Mixing Fluids on a Chip.

10.2.2 Fitting Components onto a Chip.

10.2.3 Sampling and Detection Strategies.

10.2.4 Understanding Processes on the Microscale.

10.3 Chip-based Analytical Instruments.

10.3.1 Lab-on-valve Flow Injection Analysis.

10.3.2 Spectroscopic Devices.

10.3.3 Separation Devices.

10.3.4 Imaging Devices.

10.3.5 Electrochemical Devices.

10.3.6 Other Chip-based Devices.

References.

Index.